上海市学龄前儿童户外活动现状调查分析

Investigation and analysis on the status of outdoor activities of preschool children in Shanghai

目的通过对上海市学龄前儿童的户外活动情况进行横断面现况调查,了解其户外体力活动的参与现状,为学龄前儿童户外体力活动评价及干预提供参考。方法于2018年3-6月间使用课题组自行编制儿童户外体力活动调查问卷,以监护人代答的方式对454名在园学龄前儿童近期的日常活动情况进行调查,正态分布数据两组均数的比较采用t检验,非正态分布数据间比较采用非参数检验,率的比较采用χ^2检验等。结果学龄前儿童工作日参与户外活动时间平均1.49 h/d,双休日平均2.64 h/d。最受儿童喜爱的5个运动项目分别是散步、滑板/轮滑、跑步、自行车、舞蹈,组织类型大多数以家庭为主。学龄前儿童运动项目在不同年龄段、家长鼓励程度间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论上海市学龄前儿童户外活动现状不容乐观,在运动方式、场地、陪同者、运动项目等方面体现出上海市学龄前儿童生活环境的特点。

Objective To understand the participation status of physical activity of preschool children in Shanghai through a cross-sectional survey. Methods A self-designed questionnaire on children′s outdoor activity were used from March to June in 2018 to investigate the daily activities of 454 preschoolers.T test was used to compare the mean of the two groups of normal distribution data,non-normal date are tested by non-parametric test,and Chi-square test was used to compare the rate. Results The average time for participating in outdoor activities of preschool children was 1.49 hours/day on workday,and it was 2.64 hours/day on weekend.The top five most popular sports for children were walking,skateboarding/skating,running,cycling and dance,which mainly were family-based.There were statistically significant differences on preschool children′s sport types in different age groups and different degree of parental encouragement(P<0.05). Conclusions The status of outdoor activities for preschool children in Shanghai is not optimistic.It reflects the characteristics of the living environment of preschool children in Shanghai in terms of sports style,venues,accompanying people and sport event.