身材矮小儿童睡眠饮食和行为问题的病例对照研究

A case-control study of sleep,diet and behavioral problems in short stature children

目的分析身材矮小儿童睡眠、饮食及行为问题,为矮小症的预防与早期干预提供科学依据。方法选取2017年9月-2018年9月西安交通大学第二附属医院儿科门诊的110例矮小儿童及正常对照组110例,对受试儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果生长激素缺乏症62例(56.4%),特发性矮身材48例(43.60%)。矮小男童49人(44.5%),女童61人(55.5%),平均年龄(7.53±2.26)岁。对照组男49人(44.5%),女61人(55.5%),平均年龄(7.33±2.19)岁。两组年龄性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),出生体重,目前身高体重及父母身高差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);饮食行为比较过饱响应、进食缓慢、食物喜好、情绪性饮食减少差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);睡眠层面比较就寝习惯、入睡潜伏期、睡眠持续时间、睡眠焦虑、夜醒、异态睡眠、白天困倦矮小儿童均高于对照组(P<0.05)。行为分析4~5岁矮小组儿童"抑郁"、"体诉"、"社交退缩"、"分裂样"、"攻击"因子得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05);6~11岁"抑郁"、"体诉"、"社交退缩""多动"、"分裂样"、"攻击"、"违纪"因子得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论饮食、睡眠及行为问题与儿童生长发育密切相关,是身材矮小症的重要影响因素。

Objective To investigate the sleep,diet and behavioral problems of short stature children, in order to provide scientific basis for early preventing and intervention of short stature. Methods From September 2017 to September 2018,110 cases of short stature children and 110 cases of normal control group were selected from the pediatric outpatient department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University.Their parents were asked to finish the questionnaire survey. Results There were 62 cases with growth hormone deficiency(56.4%),48 cases with idiopathic short stature(43.60%).There were 49 short boys(44.5%) and 61 short girls(55.5%),with an average age of(7.53±2.26) years.The control group consisted of 49 males(44.5%) and 61 females(55.5%),with an average age of(7.33±2.19) years.There was no difference in age and sex between the two groups(P>0.05), but significant differences were found on birth weight,current height and weight,and parental height(P<0.05).There were significant differences on over-satiety response,slow eating,food preference and emotional eating between two group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,bedtime habits,sleep latency,sleep duration,sleep anxiety,night wake,abnormal sleep,daytime sleepiness of short stature group were all higher.The score of depression,body complaint,social withdrawal,schizoid and aggression of short stature children aged 4-5 years were higher than the control group.The score of body complaint,hyperactivity,schizoid,aggression and discipline violation of short stature group aged 6-11 years old were higher than the control group. Conclusions Diet,sleep and behavioral problems are closely related to children′s growth and development,and are important factors affecting short stature.