绵阳城区儿童维生素A缺乏与贫血及体格生长的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between vitamin A deficiency and anemia as well as physical growth of children in Mianyang city

目的调查四川绵阳地区婴幼儿维生素A(VA)、贫血及体格生长水平情况,分析VA缺乏(VAD)与贫血及体格生长间的关系,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法选取2017年5月-2019年7月在绵阳市妇幼保健院儿童保健科就诊的1 090名0~3岁儿童,进行VA及贫血检测,测量其身长、体重,采用WHO参考值计算Z评分和营养不良率。结果 VA平均水平为(0.28±0.07)mg/dl,可疑亚临床缺乏(SVAD)及VAD的发病率分别为50.1%及9.60%。男女性别间可疑SVAD、VAD发病率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);VAD组、可疑SVAD组贫血患病率分别为26.67%、18.50%,均较正常组12.98%显著增高(P<0.05);低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦率分别为1.10%、3.49%、0.73%,不同VA水平婴幼儿低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦发病情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但VA正常组生长优良率明显高于VA异常组(χ^2WAX=9.124,PWAZ=0.003;χ^2WAX=6.014,PHAZ=0.014;χ^2HAZ=9.276,PWHZ=0.002)。结论绵阳地区属于VA轻度缺乏地区,但半数以上婴幼儿有VAD患病风险,VA缺乏及不足儿童易导致贫血及体格生长落后,需积极制定防控措施。

Objective To investigate the vitamin A(VA),anemia and growth levels of infants and young children in Mianyang,and to analyze the relationship between vitamin A deficiency(VAD) and anemia and growth,so as to provide evidence for prevention and control measures. Methods Totally 1 090 children aged 0 to 3 years in the Department of Child Health of Mianyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were selected from May 2017 to July 2019.VA level and anemia were tested,and height and weight were measured and calculated by WHO reference value Z score and malnutrition rate. Results The average VA level was(0.28±0.07)mg/dl,and the detection rates of suspected subclinical vitamin A deficiency(SVAD) and VAD were 50.1% and 9.60%,respectively.There were no significant differences on the detection rates of VAD and VAD between male and female(P>0.05).The prevalence rates of anemia in VAD group and suspected SVAD group were 26.67% and 18.50%,respectively,which was higher than that in normal group 12.98%(P<0.05).The rates of low body weight,growth retardation and marasmus were 1.10%,3.49% and 0.73%,respectively.There were no differences on low body weight,growth retardation and malnutrition among different VA levels(P>0.05),but the excellent growth rate in VA normal group was significantly higher than that in VAD group and suspected SVAD group(χ^2WAZ=9.124,P WAZ=0.003;χ^2WAX=6.014,PHAZ=0.014;χ^2HAZ=9.276,PWHZ=0.002). Conclusions Mianyang is an area with mild VA deficiency,but more than half of infants and young children are at risk of VAD.Children with VA deficiency and insufficiency are prone to cause anemia and growth retardation,and it is necessary to actively develop prevention and control measures.