家庭功能在养育心理灵活性与小学生问题行为间的中介作用

The relationship between parental psychological flexibility and problem behaviors in primary school students: the mediating role of family functioning

目的探讨养育心理灵活性、家庭功能和小学生问题行为之间的关系,为改善小学生问题行为提供依据。方法整群选取北京市两所小学全体学生的父亲或母亲为被试,采用Conners儿童行为问卷(child behavior rating scale,CBRS)、养育心理灵活性问卷(parental psychological flexibility questionnaire,PPFQ)和家庭功能评定量表(family assessment device,FAD)进行施测。采用SPSS 24.0与AMOS 24.0对数据进行χ2检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、t检验、Pearson相关分析、验证性因素分析,用Bootstrap法进行中介效应检验。结果小学生问题行为总检出率为18.72%。通过与常模比较将所有儿童分为正常组(n=825)与问题组(n=190),正常组PPFQ总分和认知解离、承诺行动和接纳维度得分均显著高于问题组[(86.67±13.57)分和(77.18±14.40)分,(43.65±8.71)分和(37.98±9.68)分,(13.26±4.70)分和(12.07±4.72)分,(29.75±4.50)分和(27.13±5.66)分,均P<0.01)],正常组FAD总分和各维度得分均显著低于问题组[(120.01±15.31)分和(129.34±15.75)分,(11.69±2.02)分和(12.19±2.29)分,(17.64±3.09)分和(19.25±3.60)分,(23.01±3.21)分和(24.68±3.33)分,(12.44±2.26)分和(13.65±2.73)分,(14.28±2.49)分和(15.76±3.07)分,(19.04±2.54)分和(19.92±2.62)分,(21.91±4.12)分和(23.88±4.15)分,均P<0.01)]。正常组与问题组的PPFQ总分均分别与FAD、CBRS的总分呈负相关(r=-0.47、-0.42,r=-0.49、-0.38,均P<0.01)。正常组与问题组的FAD总分均与CBRS总分呈正相关(r=0.37、0.28,均P<0.01)。结构方程模型检验显示,正常组FAD中介模型拟合良好(χ2/df=2.45,RMSEA=0.04,GFI=0.97,NFI=0.97,IFI=0.98,TLI=0.97),PPFQ分别对FAD和CBRS、FAD对CBRS影响的路径系数显著(β=-0.62,-0.48,0.12,均P<0.01),问题组FAD中介模型拟合欠佳,但PPFQ分别对FAD和CBRS影响的路径系数显著(β=-0.70、-0.56,均P<0.01)。Bootstrap分析显示正常组FAD在PPFQ和CBRS关系里的中介效应显著(95%CI:-0.0854,-0.0408),中介效应占总效应的25.52%,问题组FAD的中介效应不显著。结论在正常与问题儿童群体中养育心理灵活性对家庭功能和儿童行为均有直接作用;正常儿童群体中家庭功能在养育心理灵活性与儿童行为间存在部分中介作用。

Objective To explore the relationship among the parental psychological flexibility,family functioning and pupils'problem behaviors,and to provide empirical evidence for improving pupils'problem behaviors.Methods Parents of all pupils in two primary schools in Beijing were selected as subjects in a cluster and were asked to complete the parental psychological flexibility questionnaire(PPFQ),family assessment device(FAD)and Conners child behavior rating scale(CBRS).SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used to analyze the data by Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test,t test and confirmatory factor analysis.The Bootstrap method was applied to test the mediating effect.Results The detection rate of pupils'problem behaviors was 18.72%.All children were divided into normal group(n=825)and problem group(n=190)by comparison with the norm.The PPFQ total score and dimension score of normal group were higher than those of problem group((86.67±13.57)vs(77.18±14.40),(43.65±8.71)vs(37.98±9.68),(13.26±4.70)vs(12.07±4.72),(29.75±4.50)vs(27.13±5.66),all P<0.01)),while The FAD total score and dimension score of normal group were lower than those of problem group((120.01±15.31)vs(129.34±15.75),(11.69±2.02)vs(12.19±2.29),(17.64±3.09)vs(19.25±3.60),(23.01±3.21)vs(24.68±3.33),(12.44±2.26)vs(13.65±2.73),(14.28±2.49)vs(15.76±3.07),(19.04±2.54)vs(19.92±2.62),(21.91±4.12)vs(23.88±4.15),all P<0.01)).The PPFQ total score of normal group and problem group were negatively correlated with the total scores of FAD and CBRS respectively(r=-0.47,-0.42,r=-0.49,-0.38,all P<0.01).The FAD total score of normal group and problem group were positively correlated with the CBRS total score respectively(r=0.37,0.28,all P<0.01).The test of structural equation model showed that the intermediary model of FAD in normal group fits well(χ2/df=2.45,RMSEA=0.04,GFI=0.97,NFI=0.97,IFI=0.98,TLI=0.97).The path coefficients of PPFQ to FAD,CBRS and FAD to CBRS were significant(β=-0.62,-0.48,0.12,P<0.01).The problem group fad intermediary model fitting was not good,however,PPFQ had significant influence on the path coefficients of FAD and CBRS respectively(β=-0.70,-0.56,P<0.01).Bootstrap analysis showed that the mediating effect of FAD in the relationship between PPFQ and CBRS was significant in the normal group(95%CI:-0.0854,-0.0408),accounted for 25.52%of the total effect.The mediating effect of FAD in the problem group was not significant.Conclusion The parental psychological flexibility has a direct effect on family functioning and children's behavior in normal and problem children groups.Family functioning plays a part of mediating role between parental psychological flexibility and children's behavior in the normal group of children.