医药产品“价格虚高、虚低”的经济学辨析

Economic Analysis on“Extortionate High Or Low Price”on Medicine

目的:对我国医改进程中经常出现的医药价格"虚高、虚低"说法的经济学含义进行分析探讨。方法:基于经济学理论对价格"虚高、虚低"进行推理和分析。结果:价格是在双赢的成交区间内形成的,具体位置取决于供需双方力量对比,并由此决定了消费者剩余的分配。医药产品的价格成交区间比较宽阔。在需方弱势时,价格会趋于需方最高购买价格,由此患者负担较重而厂商获利较多,形成价格"虚高"的批评;而当供方弱势时,价格会趋于供方最低提供价格,从而使厂商获利降低,产生价格"虚低"的抱怨。结论:医药价格"虚高、虚低"的说法并不科学,实际反映的是供需双方对消费者剩余的争夺,医改决策者应该对此有清醒的认知。

Objective:To analyze the statement of“extortionate high or low price of medicine”which is frequently mentioned in health care reform in China.Methods:Theoretical analysis method is applied based on economic theories.Results:It demonstrates that the price is formed in the trade range and its location is decided by the wrestle of allocation.The price will tend to highest de⁃mand price when demand-side is weak as“extortionate high price”,and tend to lowest supply price when supply-side is weak as“ex⁃tortionate low price”.Conclusion:The statement of“extortionate high or low price”is used for fight of interest between supply and demand.Decision maker of health care reform should have clear understanding of it.