甲病毒蛋白的棕榈酰化研究进展

Research progress on protein palmitoylation in Alphavirus

基孔肯雅病毒等甲病毒是一类有包膜的RNA病毒,主要以蚊虫为媒介,给人类健康和畜牧业生产造成重大损害。棕榈酰化是一种可逆的蛋白翻译后修饰形式。在棕榈酰基转移酶的催化作用下,棕榈酰基共价连接到蛋白的半胱氨酸上,形成硫酯键。棕榈酰化调节蛋白的运输、膜定位以及功能。甲病毒中的非结构蛋白1(nsP1)、TF蛋白等已被证明存在棕榈酰化修饰。修饰不仅影响了这些蛋白的定位,也影响了病毒粒子的包装和出芽释放。本文综述了甲病毒蛋白棕榈酰化的研究进展,包括修饰机制、检测方法和修饰对甲病毒的作用等,并对今后研究中有待解决的问题进行讨论。

Alphaviruses such as Chikungunya virus(CHIKV)are enveloped single-strand RNA viruses.With mosquito as their main insect vector,alphaviruses cause great damage to human health and animal husbandry.Palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational modification of proteins.Under the catalysis of palmitoyl acyltransferase,palmitoyl chain is covalently attached to cysteine residues in proteins by a thioester bond.Palmitoylation regulates trafficking and membrane targeting of proteins as well as their functions.Several proteins such as nsP1and TF from alphaviruses have been demonstrated to be palmitoylated.Not only the localization of these proteins but also the budding of virions are regulated by this modification.In this review,we summarize recent progress on protein palmitoylation including mechanisms,detection,and function of palmitoylation in alphaviruses.The remaining questions to be solved in future studies are also discussed.