人感染立克次体致病研究现状

Research progress on the pathogenicity of human infection with Rickettsia

立克次体病是由人感染立克次体后引起的一系列如斑点热、斑疹伤寒、恙虫病、埃立克次体病、人粒细胞无形体病等急性发热性疾病,感染早期表现为发热、皮疹、头痛、肌肉酸痛、淋巴结肿大等,晚期可因心肌炎、脑炎、肺栓塞、静脉血栓形成、出血、休克、呼吸衰竭、肝肾衰竭和心力衰竭等严重并发症导致死亡。立克次体病随着交通运输、畜牧养殖、进出口贸易、旅游等产业的发展在全世界范围内广泛传播。检测技术随着分子生物学水平的发展,其灵敏度和特异度不断提高,治疗方案也不断被完善。为有效防控立克次体病的发生、发展和流行,保护人类的健康,本综述就人感染立克次体致病的流行病学调查、立克次体致病现状、临床和实验室诊断方法、治疗进展等进行归纳中介,以提高广大研究者对此类虫媒疾病的认识。

Rickettsiosis are a series of acute febrile diseases caused by human infection with Rickettsia,such as spot fever,typhus fever,tsutsugamushi disease,rickettsial disease,human granulocytosis,and so on.The early stage of infection is characterized by fever,rash,headache,muscle soreness,lymphadenopathy.Later stages can lead to death due to serious complications such as coma,pulmonary embolism,venous thrombosis,bleeding,shock,respiratory failure,liver and kidney failure,and heart failure.With the development of transportation,animal husbandry,import and export trade,tourism,rickettsioses are widely spread all over the world.In the wake of molecular biology,the sensitivity and specificity detection technology have been improved,and the treatment scheme also has been improved.In order to effectively prevent the occurrence,development and prevalence of rickettsioses and protect human health,this paper reviewed the epidemiological investigation of human infection with rickettsioses,its pathogenicity,clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods,and the progress of treatment,to raise the awareness of researchers on this kind of insect-borne diseases.