茶叶生产全程机械化技术研究现状与展望

Research status and prospects of tea production mechanization technology

中国是茶叶大国,其茶叶种植具有面积大、分布广、地形复杂等特点,全程机械化生产是中国茶叶发展的必经之路。茶叶生产机械化技术主要是指茶园耕作、树体管理、植保灌溉、茶叶采摘和茶叶加工等环节均实现机械化作业。本文分析我国茶叶生产机械化研究现状、特点及存在的问题,总结茶叶生产机械化中的关键技术和设备。重点阐述茶园耕作机械、植保机、茶园灌溉设备、茶树修剪机械、采茶机、茶叶加工机械的研究现状和发展动态,并归纳国内外具有代表性的先进机型和技术;指出研发绿色化和自动化、智能化程度高的大型茶叶机械是中国茶叶机械化生产发展的核心方向,同时也需加强适应丘陵山地等茶区作业的小型轻简化茶叶生产装备的研究。

China is a big tea producing country,and its tea planting has the characteristics of large area,wide distribution and complex terrain.The whole process of mechanized production is the way for the development of Chinese tea.The mechanization technology of tea production mainly refers to the mechanization of tea garden farming,tea tree pruning,plant protection pruning,tea picking and tea processing.This paper analyzes the characteristics and existing problems of tea production mechanization research in China,and summarizes the key technologies and equipment in the mechanization of tea production.The research status and development trends of tea garden farming machinery,tea garden plant protection machine,tea garden irrigation equipment,tea tree pruning machinery,tea picking machine and tea processing machinery are mainly described.It is pointed out that large-scale tea machinery with high research and development,high automation and high intelligence is the core direction of the development of mechanized tea production in China.At the same time,it is necessary to strengthen the research on small-scale and light-simplified tea production equipment adapted to the operation of tea fields such as mountainous hills.