两种新型大跨度塑料大棚环境性能对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Environmental Performance and Effects of Two Kinds of Plastic Greenhouses

针对温室土地利用率低、不利于机械化操作等问题,提出一种大跨度东西矮墙塑料大棚(试验大棚),南北走向,夜间覆盖保温被。该研究以相同跨度但无东西墙体的塑料大棚(对照大棚)为对照,对2种大棚室内外的光照以及温湿度进行分析,结果表明:1)2种大棚的光照强度和透光率无明显差异;2)试验大棚升温快降温慢,且南北温度分布较为均匀。试验大棚平均最低温度为2.0℃,较对照大棚高1.6℃,与棚外温差最高可达21.3℃;3)试验大棚夜间相对湿度高达99%,存在高湿现象;4)试验大棚叶菜生长情况优于对照大棚,但生长缓慢。因此,大跨度东西矮墙塑料大棚是一种单体大、保温性能良好、棚内气候稳定、可满足冬季叶菜生产的塑料大棚,值得推广应用。

In view of the low utilization rate of greenhouse land,which was not conducive to mechanized operation,this study proposed a kind of large-span plastic greenhouses with east and west low walls(test greenhouses),which run from north to south and cover the insulation quilt at night.In this experiment,the indoor and outdoor illumination and temperature and humidity of two kinds of greenhouses were analyzed by using the plastic greenhouses with the same span but no east or west wall(control greenhouses)as the control.The results showed that:1)there was no significant difference in light intensity and transmittance between the two greenhouses;2)the temperature in the experimental greenhouse was fast in heating and slow in cooling,and the temperature distribution in the north and south was relatively uniform.The average minimum temperature of the experimental greenhouse was 2.0℃,1.6℃higher than the control greenhouse,and the maximum temperature difference with the outside of the greenhouse was 21.3℃;3)at night,the relative humidity of the test greenhouses was up to 99%,means high humidity;4)the growth of leafy vegetables in the test greenhouse was better than that in the control greenhouse,but the growth was slow.Therefore,the large-span east-west low wall plastic greenhouse was a kind of large monomer,good thermal insulation performance,stable climate inside the shed,could meet the production of winter leaf vegetables plastic greenhouse,worth popularizing and applying.