蚓粪替代化肥对土壤磷素组分和番茄产量的影响

Effects of Earthworm Manure Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Phosphorus Components in Facility Soil

以“辽园多丽”番茄种植土壤为试材,利用日光温室微区试验,设置蚓粪(VM)替代化肥(CF)6种不同施肥处理,以不施肥处理(CK)为对照,100CF和75CF处理为对比,采用修正后的Hedley磷分级方法对土壤磷进行分组,研究不同用量蚓粪替代化肥对设施土壤磷素组分和番茄产量的影响。结果表明:1)与100CF处理相比较,75CF+25VM处理显著提高土壤总磷含量,提高17.7%。75CF+25VM、100VM处理在提高Resin-P含量上效果相当,分别提高14.9%、16.9%;75CF+25VM处理在提高NaHCO3-Pi含量上表现突出,提高58.9%;各处理对NaOH-Pi含量的影响趋势和NaHCO3-Pi大体相同。各处理均降低了DHCl-Pi含量,其中75CF+25VM处理降低幅度最小,降低3.38%;2)与100CF处理相比较,各处理均降低了NaHCO3-Po、NaOH-Po 2种形态有机磷含量,其中100VM处理NaHCO3-Po含量降低幅度最小,降低17.8%;75CF+25VM、100VM处理NaOH-Po含量差异不显著。Residual-P含量对不同施肥处理响应不显著。3)与100CF处理相比较,75CF+25VM处理使番茄平均增产为25.7%。综上所述,75CF+25VM处理更有利于提高设施土壤总磷和各形态无机磷含量,并促进有机磷向无机磷的形态转化,提高了磷的有效性和利用率。75CF+25VM处理番茄产量远高于其它处理也验证了以上结果的可靠性。

Taking‘Liaoyuan Doli’tomato planting soil as test material,six different fertilizer treatments of vermis manure(VM)instead of chemical fertilizer(CF)were set up in solar greenhouse.Without fertilizer treatment(CK)was used as control,100CF and 75CF treatment as contrast.Soil phosphorus was classified by the method of modified Hedley phosphorus classification,and the effect of different amounts of vermis manure instead of chemical fertilizer on phosphorus composition and tomato yield in protected soil were studied.The results showed that,1)Compared with 100CF treatment,treatment using 75CF+25VM increased soil total phosphorus content obviously by more than 17.7%.75CF+25VM and 100VM increased Resin-P content similarly by 14.9%and 16.9%respectively.75CF+25VM increased NaHCO3-Pi outstandingly by 58.9%.Effect of different treatments to the content of NaOH-Pi were similar with that of NaHCO3-Pi.Different treatments decreased the content of DHCl-Pi,75CF+25VM treatment decreased the lowest by 3.38%.2)Compared with 100CF treatment,the contents of two forms of organophosphorus in NaHCO3-Po,NaOH-Po were decreased in all treatments.100VM treatment decreased the smallest by 17.8%.There was no significant difference in the content of NaOH-Po between the treatment of 75CF+25VM and 100VM.The response of Residual-P content to different fertilizer treatments was not obvious.3)Compared with 100CF treatment,75CF+25VM treatment increased tomato yield by 25.7%on average.The results showed that under the condition of equal nutrients,75CF+25VM treatment was more beneficial to increase the content of total phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in protected soil,promote the transformation of organophosphorus to inorganic phosphorus,and improve the availability and utilization rate of phosphorus.The yield of tomato treated with 75CF+25VM was much higher than that of other treatments,which demonstrated the reliability of the above results.