深部巷道围岩松动圈稳定控制理论与技术进展

Theoretical and technical progress of stability control of broken rock zone of deep roadway surrounding rock

围岩松动圈支护理论是在研究巷道围岩物理和力学状态的过程中发展起来的一种实用性岩层控制理论,近30年来在围岩松动圈支护对象与围岩分类、大松动圈围岩控制理论与技术、松动圈测试技术等方面取得长足的进步,深部巷道围岩控制的核心是确定支护对象并形成支护-围岩稳定结构,围岩的破裂膨胀及破裂后块体非连续变形构成的形变压力是巷道支护的对象。巷道围岩松动圈分类是建立围岩稳定性评价方法的核心内容,旨在正确评价围岩的支护难易程度、确定主要支护对象、优化支护参数和提出合理的施工工艺,为此形成深部大松动圈围岩综合指标分类法。深部巷道松动圈支护技术开发出被动支护、主动支护、改性加固技术、应力转移技术、联合支护等5大类围岩控制技术;形成以锚杆(索)为主体支护的多种支护方式并存的巷道支护体系,解决了大量巷道支护难题。巷道围岩松动圈厚度值可通过理论分析、相似材料模型试验、数值模拟、现场实测及智能预测方法获得;开展深部巷道围岩松动圈现场实测,可在理论与试验方面不作任何假设,能得到准确可靠的数据。探讨分析围岩松动圈测试与深部巷道大松动圈围岩支护中存在的技术难题及应对措施,可为深部巷道支护设计研究提供借鉴思路。

The supporting theory of broken rock zone of deep roadway surrounding rock is a typical practical rock formation control theory developed in the study of physical and mechanical state of roadway surrounding rock.In the past 30 years,considerable progress has been made in the supporting objects and classifications of surrounding rock loosening ring,the theory and technology of surrounding rock control in large loosening ring,and the testing technology of surrounding rock loosening ring.The core of surrounding rock control in deep roadway is to determine the supporting objects and form the stable structure of supporting and surrounding rock.The supporting objects are the rupture and expansion of the surrounding rock and the deformation pressure formed by the blocks discontinuous deformation of the block after fracture.The classification of surroundings rock loose ring of roadway is the core content of establishing the evaluation method of surrounding rock stability,aiming at correctly evaluating the difficulty degree of supporting surrounding rock,determining the main supporting objects,optimizing supporting parameters,and proposing a reasonable construction process.Therefore,a classification method of comprehensive index of surrounding rocks of deep great loose circle has been formed.Five types of surrounding rock control technologies have been developed:passive supporting,active supporting,modified reinforcement technology,stress transfer technology and the combined support technology.In addition,a roadway supporting system with multiple supporting modes has been formed,in which anchorage cable and anchor rod are the main supports,solving a large number of roadways supporting problems.The thickness of surrounding rock loose zone can be obtained through theoretical analysis,similar material model test,numerical simulation,field measurement,and intelligent prediction.Through field measurement of broken rock zone of deep roadway surrounding rock accurate and reliable data can be obtained without any hypothesis in theory and test.For this reason,the technical problems and countermeasures in the testing of surrounding rock loose zone and surrounding rock supporting of deep roadway loose zone have been discussed and analyzed in this paper,which can provide reference for the design and further research of deep roadway support.