微生态制剂对儿童抗生素相关性腹泻防治的研究进展

Research Progress of Microecological Preparations in the Prevention and Treatment of Children's Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea Prevention

广泛应用抗生素导致肠道微生态环境紊乱,干扰了胃肠道常驻有益菌的动态平衡,诱发肠壁黏膜屏障损伤,使得出现伪膜性肠炎的风险大幅度增加,容易引起抗生素相关性腹泻(AAD)。近年来在儿童中的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,儿童AAD起病隐匿,早期出现的轻度腹泻往往不会引起医师和家长的重视,然而随着广谱抗生素大剂量的应用,患儿病情迅速进展,随之而来的脱水、酸碱平衡失调、电解质紊乱等情况严重威胁患儿的生命安全,若治疗不及时可导致低血容量休克发生,甚至死亡。微生态制剂是一种可通过调节宿主微生态菌群而起到保护作用,有效预防、治疗AAD作用的活性物质,可从一定程度上降低AAD发病率,同时能够提高人体免疫力。

The widespread use of antibiotics causes disturbances in the intestinal micro-ecological environment,interferes with the dynamic balance of resident beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract,induces damage to the mucosal barrier of the intestinal wall,greatly increases the risk of pseudomembranous enteritis,and easily causes antibiotics associated diarrhea(AAD).In recent years,the morbidity in children has been increasing year by year.Children with AAD are insidious.Early mild diarrhea often does not attract the attention of doctors and family members.However,with the application and accumulation of broad-spectrum antibiotics in large doses,the disease of child patients progresses rapidly,and the subsequent dehydration,acid-base balance imbalance,and electrolyte disorders seriously threaten the life safety of children.If the treatment is not timely,it can lead to hypovolemic shock or even death.Microecological preparation is an active substance that can protect the body by regulating the host's microecological flora,and has the effects of effectively preventing and treating active substance of AAD,which can reduce the incidence of AAD to a certain extent and improve human immunity.