政府购买服务:风险生成与实质逻辑

Government’s Contracting Out Public Serices:Risk Generation and Essential Logic

政府购买服务在实践中暴露出逆向选择风险、道德风险、公共财政风险和目标置换风险。为了防范这些风险,就需要对政府购买服务中购买前决策、招投标、选择代理方、谈判与签订合同、合同实施、监管与绩效评估、再谈判七个风险生成环节进行解密。运用不完全合同理论研究发现,政府购买服务风险生成肇源于产品规则难以界定、交易规则模糊不清以及治理规则形同虚设。解决这些问题的关键在于发挥政府购买服务对于国家治理体制改革的正向功能,完善信任、信息与监管机制,平衡风险分配与报酬结构,合理配置剩余控制权,通过再谈判将不完全合同发展成完全合同。

Contracting out of public services exposes adverse selection,moral hazard,public financial risk,and target replacement risk in practice.In order to prevent these risks,it is necessary to decrypt the seven risk-generating links of contracting decisions which include decision-making,bidding,agents selection,negotiation and signing contracts,contracting implementation,supervision and performance evaluation,and renegotiation.Using the incomplete contract theory,the study found that the risk of contracting out public services originated from the difficulty in defining product rules,vague trading rules,and governance rules.The key to solving these problems lies in giving scope to the positive function of contracting out of public service in the reform of the national governance system,perfecting the trust,information transmission and monitoring mechanisms,balancing risk allocation and compensation structure,rationally assigning residual rights of control and developing incomplete contracts into complete contract.