清代至民国迎神赛社经济问题研究

The Study on the Economic Problems of Yingshen Saishe from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

清代至民国时期的赛社经济是指赛社费用的来源、支出以及由此所引发的诸种问题。这一时期赛社活动的费用主要来自于私人或集体募捐、村社放谷和银钱征利、经济产品的摊派以及平均摊派到户的"社分"四个部分。赛社活动的经济开支主要包括迎神活动必需的装备如神像装饰物及祭祀物品等的固定开支,以及赛社时的演剧与餐饮等临时开支两大部分,其中临时开支远超固定开支数目。清代至民国时期民间赛社活动引发的直接经济问题主要包括赛社开支过大、民户费用征收不齐以及赛社首领借机敛财等。围绕着这些直接问题,衍生出赌博与分社等其他经济问题。对赛社经济问题的处理,在不断调试中形成了国家与地方政府的行政干预,与村社内部的自我约束相结合与互补的有机体系。

The economy of Saishe refers to the sources,expenditures and various problems caused by the expense of it.During this period,the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period,the cost of Saishe activities mainly came from four parts:the private or collective fund-raising,village community distribution and profit collection,economic product apportionment and the Shefen of average apportionment to households.The economic expenditure mainly includes the fixed expenses for the necessary equipment such as decorations and sacrificial articles,and the temporary expenses such as histrionism and catering,which are far more than the fixed expenses.From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the direct economic problems caused by the Saishe of the private mainly include the excessive expenditure of it,the unequal collection of the household expenses and corruption of leaders.With these direct problems,it derived from gambling,separated societies and other economic issues.In the process of continuous adjustment,the national and local governments’administrative intervention,combined with the self-restraint of village communities,and the complementary organic system has been formed.