多元历史街区同城相融共生的微观解读——以南京明清及民国历史街区的建筑层次构建分析为例

The Micro Interpretation of the Integration and Symbiosis of Multi Historical Blocks in the Same City:An Analysis of the Building Hierarchy of Historical Blocks in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China in Nanjing

在中国现有大城市中,城市中历史建筑遗存的存在与城市的扩容、建设和发展产生了矛盾甚至对立。在遗产保护与城市发展都不可或缺的时代,怎样让散落在城市中的单体建筑遗存形成城市传统文化气场,又不会对城市的合理更新产生阻碍?历史街区的设立,是保留城市文化传承和精神气场的重要且有效方式。历史街区作为相较于宏观的历史文化名城而存在的中观层面,它的产生是时代的选择也是现实的必然。本文以南京的明清历史街区和民国历史街区为例,着重阐述两个问题:(1)历史街区营建中,核心的确立和外围建筑形制的构建层次;(2)同一城市中,多元历史遗存共存产生的历史街区的对立性和统一性的融合处理。

In China’s existing big cities,the existence of historical architectural remains in cities is contradictory or even contradictory to the expansion,construction and development of cities.In the era when heritage protection and urban development are indispensable,how to make the scattered single architectural remains in the city form the city’s traditional cultural gas field without hindering the reasonable renewal of the city?The establishment of historical blocks is an important way to preserve the city’s cultural heritage and spiritual gas field.Compared with the macro historical and cultural city,the historical district exists in the meso level,and its generation is the choice of the times and the necessity of the reality.This paper takes the historical blocks of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Nanjing and the historical blocks of the Republic of China as examples,and focuses on two issues:first,the establishment of the core and the construction level of the peripheral architectural form in the construction of the historical blocks;second,the integration of the opposition and unity of the historical blocks produced by the coexistence of multiple historical relics in the same city.