无人机精准施药关键技术综述

Review on Key Technologies for UAV Precision Agro-chemical Application

无人机施药技术具有快速、高效、适应性广和操控人员安全等显著特点,近年来在我国发展迅猛,已成为一个具有中国特色的新兴产业。无人机精准施药技术针对田间作物的生长发育阶段和病虫草害状况,按需对作物喷施农药,可显著提高施药作业效率、增加农药的有效利用率,并减少对人体的危害和对环境的污染,精准施药技术得到了植保行业的高度重视。该文从无人机机体、无人机飞控导航避障技术、田间作物信息获取和航空变量施药技术方面,综述实现无人机精准施药的关键技术及其发展现状,分析目前在指导实际田间无人机精准施药过程中存在的问题,即缺乏针对具体作物和病虫害的药剂及药量配方指导、所需雾化特性参数和应有的飞行参数的系统研究,提出应将人工智能AI (Artificial Intelligence)技术有效引入无人机精准施药系统中,提高系统的自适应性和鲁棒性,使农业从业者容易操纵植保无人机精准施药系统,推动无人机精准施药技术尽快得到应用、推广和普及。

Characterized by rapidness,high efficiency,wide adaptability and nice operator safety,agro-chemical application technology using unmanned aerial vehicle( UAV) has rapidly been developed as an emerging industry with Chinese characteristics in China in recent years. According to growth and development stages of field crops and conditions of diseases,pests and weeds,by on-demand application of pesticides on crops,UAV precision pesticide application technology could significantly improve application efficiency,increase effective utilization of pesticides,and reduce harm to human body and pollution to environment. Therefore,precision application technology using UAV has been highly valued in plant protection industry. In terms of UAV body,UAV related techniques on flight control,navigation and obstacle avoidance,information acquisition of field crops,aerial variable-rate spray methods,key technologies used for realizing UAV precision pesticide application and development status were summarized,and problems existing in implement of UAV precise application in fields were analyzed,such as lack of dose prescription guidance for a specific crop and various of plant diseases and insect pests,lack of a systematic research on required atomization characteristic parameters and proper flight parameters for a concrete pesticide-applying scenario. It was proposed that artificial intelligence( AI) technology should be effectively introduced in UAV precision pesticide application system to improve adaptability and robustness of application system,which would make it easy for agricultural practitioners to operate UAV precision application system for plant protection and promote application,promotion and popularization of UAV precision application technology.