袋栽食用菌生产关键装备现状及发展趋势

Present Situation and Development Trend of Key Equipment for Bagging Edible Fungi Production

我国食用菌栽培历史悠久,其产量和产值连年快速增长,产量从1978年的5. 8万t,发展到2018年的3 842万t。袋栽食用菌是目前我国食用菌生产的主要栽培方式,已占我国食用菌栽培总量的70%以上。但目前袋栽食用菌关键技术装备相对滞后,以分散的农户种植模式为主,该模式制约了袋栽食用菌生产的发展和产业的技术进步。该文通过分析我国食用菌产业及其关键装备技术的发展现状,借鉴日本食用菌产业发展历程,提出发展袋栽食用菌产业装备技术研发的亟需,及现阶段我国袋栽食用菌以"培养中心"模式为主向规模化和标准化过渡的发展方向。

Cultivation of edible fungi has a long history in China. Its output and output value have increased rapidly year after year,from 58 000 tons in 1978 to over 38. 42 million tons in 2018. Bagged edible fungi is main cultivation method of edible fungi production in China,and has reached more than 70% of total amount of edible fungus cultivation in China. But at present,bagged edible fungi are mainly based on scattered farmers’ planting pattern,and key technology and equipment are relatively lagging behind,it has restricted development of bagged edible fungi production and technical progress of the industry. Development status of edible fungus industry and its key equipment technology in China were analyed,and Japan’s history of edible fungi industry was learned. Urgent need to develop equipment and technology research of bagged edible fungi industry and development direction of convert "cultivation center" mode to scale and standardization was proposed.