河西走廊戈壁植物特征及其与沙漠植物的差异

Characteristics of Gobi Plants in Hexi Corridor and Differences with Desert Plants

戈壁与沙漠同属于荒漠土地类型,其植物生长互相交叉。为揭示戈壁植物与沙漠植物的差异,以甘肃河西走廊为例,运用戈壁调查资料和沙漠调查资料做了初步分析。结果表明:河西走廊戈壁分布的有15个科47种,其中以藜科、蒺藜科、豆科和菊科较多。典型戈壁植物主要有红砂、骆驼刺、戈壁藜、珍珠猪毛菜、松叶猪毛菜和膜果麻黄等。戈壁植物与沙漠植物的区别:典型戈壁植物的垂直根系十分发达,水平根系相对较弱,且一般不具备根蘖能力;典型沙漠植物的水平根系十分发达,一般都具有很强的根蘖能力,且喜欢风蚀沙埋,沙埋后能产生不定根,风蚀的根茎可产生枝叶。该文不仅为研究荒漠植物的土壤生态类型和植物的迁地保护以及引种驯化研究提供理论基础,而且在荒漠植被保护中具有现实意义。

Gobi and desert belong to the same type of desert land,and their plant growth intersects each other with little difference.In order to reveal difference between desert plants and gobi plants,Hexi Corridor of Gansu province were takes as an example and a preliminary analysis was discussed by using the gobi survey data and desert survey data.Results showed that there were 15 families and 47 species in the gobi of Hexi Corridor,among which Chenopodiaceae,Tribulus,Leguminosae and Compositae were more.Typical gobi plants mainly include Reaumuria songarica,Alhagi maurorum,Iljinia regelii,Salsola passerina,Salsola laricifolia and Ephedra przewalskii,etc.The main differences between gobi plants and desert plants were as follows:the vertical root system of typical gobi plants was very developed,the horizontal root system was relatively weak,and generally did not have ability of root tillering.The horizontal root system of typical desert plants was very developed,which generally had strong root tillering ability,and liked wind erosion and sand burying.After sand burying,it could produce adventitious roots and wind erosion rhizome could produce branches and leaves.It could provide theoretical basis for study of soil ecological types,plant ex situ protection and plant introduction and domestication of desert plants,and also has practical significance for protection of desert vegetation.