备战北京冬奥会背景下我国冬奥会各项目发展状况及启示

Development and Enlightenment of China’s Winter Olympics Projects in the Context of Preparing for Beijing Winter Olympics

以竞技体育比较优势理论为研究依据,对我国各项目在近3届冬奥会上的夺牌情况进行了研究。结果表明:我国冬奥会各项目发展状况呈现出以下特征:比较优势项目竞技水平仍需提高;比较潜优势项目竞技成绩稳中有升;比较弱势项目竞技实力亟待突破。对我国备战北京冬奥会的启示有:比较优势和潜优势项目应采取相应策略保持短道速滑的传统优势,拓宽花样滑冰和自由式滑雪的夺牌规模,实现速度滑冰的百花齐放,侧重冰壶和单板滑雪的优势小项。比较弱势项目应采取依托举国体制,跨界跨项选材;积极学习经验,请进来和走出去双管齐下;借助东道主优势,充分利用有利条件等备战策略。

In order to provide reference for the preparation work of Beijing Winter Olympic Games in China, this paper takes the comparative advantage theory of competitive sports as the research basis, and studies the winning situation of various sports in the last three Winter Olympic Games in China. The results show that the development of the winter Olympic Games in China shows the following characteristics: the competitive level of comparative advantage projects still needs to be improved;the competitive performance of comparative potential advantage projects has been steadily improved;and the competitive strength of comparative disadvantage projects needs to be broken through urgently. The enlightenment for China’s preparation for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games is as follows: the comparative advantage and potential advantage projects should adopt corresponding strategies to maintain the traditional advantage of short track speed skating, broaden the medal winning scale of figure skating and freestyle skiing, realize the flourishing of speed skating, and focus on the advantages of curling and snowboarding. More vulnerable projects should rely on the national system, cross-border and cross-project selection;actively learn from experience, please come in and go out in a two-pronged manner;with the help of host advantages, make full use of favorable conditions and other preparedness strategies.