母猪防御攻击性对仔猪争斗行为及生长性能的影响

Effect of sow defense aggressiveness on piglets’ fighting behavior and growth performance

为研究母猪防御攻击性对仔猪争斗行为及生长发育的影响,以民猪、大白猪为研究对象,通过行为评定将母猪分为强防御攻击性组(HMDS)和弱防御攻击性组(LMDS),比较不同品种、不同组别仔猪哺乳期和保育期行为及生长性能差异。选取民猪泌乳母猪15头及其仔猪115头,大白猪泌乳母猪15头及其仔猪134头,断奶后将体重相近仔猪随机混群,每栏8头,其中HMDS组仔猪4头,LMDS组仔猪4头。采用全事件记录法,观察和记录仔猪哺乳期和保育期争斗行为及生产性能。结果表明,民猪母猪防御攻击性极显著高于大白母猪(P<0.01),民猪仔猪争斗行为强度显著低于大白仔猪(P<0.05);HMDS组仔猪争斗行为表现显著低于LMDS组仔猪(P<0.05),HMDS组仔猪社会秩序形成所需时间及皮肤损伤程度低于LMDS组仔猪,HMDS组仔猪断奶混群后社会等级、日增重、相对生长速率显著高于LMDS组仔猪(P<0.05)。由此可见,民猪母猪防御攻击性强,民猪仔猪争斗行为强度较弱;防御攻击性强的母猪对应仔猪在哺乳期和断奶后争斗行为强度较弱,社会秩序形成早,争斗激烈程度弱、皮肤损伤程度低,生长发育良好。

In order to study the effect of defense aggressiveness of sows on piglets’ fighting behavior and growth performance, Min and Large White sows were divided into HMDS and LMDS by behavior evaluation, and the differences of behavior and growth performance between different breeds and groups of piglets during lactation and conservation were compared. In the experiment, 115 Min piglets of 15 Min sows, 134 Large White piglets of 15 Large White sows were selected. After weaning, randomly mixed groups with similar weight were selected, eight in each column, including four piglets in HMDS group and four piglets in LMDS group. The whole event, recording method was used to observe and record the fighting behavior and production performance of piglets during lactation and conservation. The results showed that the defense aggressiveness of the Min sows was significantly higher than that of the Large White Sows(P<0.01), and the fighting behavior intensity of the piglets was significantly lower than that of the Large White Sows(P<0.05);the fighting behavior of piglets in HMDS group was significantly lower than that in LMDS group(P<0.05), the time needed for the formation of social order and the degree of skin lesions in HMDS group was less than that in LMDS group, and the social level, daily gain and relative growth rate of piglets in HMDS group were significantly higher than those in LMDS group(P<0.05). It could be seen that Min sows’ with strong defensive aggressiveness that their piglets showed low fighting bahavior;compared with the sows with weak defensive aggressiveness, the sows with strong defensive aggressiveness showed low fighting behavior during lactation and after weaning, the social order was formed early, the intensity of fighting was small, the degree of skin lesions was low, and the growth performance was good.