日照分析在现代庭院景观设计中的研究与实践

Research and Practice of Sunshine Analysis in Modern Courtyard Landscape Design

城市化的不断深入、城市用地规模的不断扩大,使得人地之间的矛盾日益显现,其中"日照权"作为居民亲近自然的一项基本权益受到损害。对于日照的实用效果和审美效果的分析,成为当下景观设计中不可缺少的重要环节,在个性化的庭院景观设计中也尤为重要。不同于传统意义上只用于居住区规划和建筑设计中的日照分析,现代的日照分析需要综合考虑光的元素与建筑布局、建筑结构、庭院空间布局、种植设计的相互关系,寻找人类居住环境中"光的舒适度",在兼顾舒适性和经济性的同时,真正实现诗意的栖居。从日照分析概念入手,结合实际情况合理延伸传统日照分析的定义,以当下庭院设计中日照分析存在的问题为切入点,研究了日照分析对于庭院空间布局、园林设计要素、使用者身心健康等的重要作用。最后,以某别墅庭院景观设计为实例,计算出庭院各区域每日接受日照的时长,依据日照分析的具体原则,对其进行基于日照元素的设计改造,通过日照分析探索当代庭院景观设计的新趋势,实现庭院景观节能高效、美观舒适的设计。

The continuous deepening of urbanization and the continuous expansion of the scale of urban land use have made the contradiction between people and land increasingly apparent."Right of sunshine"as a basic right of residents to get close to nature is damaged. The analysis of the practical effect and aesthetic effect of sunshine has become indispensable to the current landscape design, and particularly important in the personalized courtyard landscape design. Unlike the traditional sunshine analysis only used in residential area planning and architectural design, modern sunshine analysis involves the relationship between the elements of light and building layout, building structure, courtyard space layout, planting design, and looks for the"light comfort"in human living environment. While taking into account both comfort and economy, it truly achieves a poetic dwelling. Beginning with the concept of sunshine analysis, the paper extends the definition of sunshine analysis reasonably according to the actual situation. After the introduction of the problems in the sunshine analysis in the current courtyard design, the paper studies the important role of sunshine analysis in thephysical and mental health and so on. Finally, taking the landscape design of a courtyard in a villa as an example, the paper calculates the duation of daily sunshine in each area of the courtyard, then carries out a design with sunshine elements based on the specific principles of sunshine analysis. The paper explores the new trend of contemporary courtyard landscape design through sunshine analysis to guide the energy-saving, efficient, beautiful and comfortable design of courtyard landscape.