1936年献机祝寿运动研究

Research on the campaign of offering aplane to celebrate Chiang Kai-shek′s birthday in 1936

抗战初期,中日空军实力悬殊。日军凭借其优势地位对中国领土狂轰乱炸,给中国造成严重损伤。中国官民对“无空防即无国防”的认知进一步深化,形式各样的“募款购机”运动随即展开。为推动运动发展,在中国航空协会推动下,上海开展“献机祝寿运动”,以庆祝蒋介石五十寿诞为名,号召社会募款购机。国民党各部门、国民政府各组织、各行业团体、各阶级、阶层及海外华侨踊跃捐输。运动动员过程中,组织者通过形塑蒋介石领袖形象,将忠于领袖与忠于国家相提并论,把“寿人”与“寿国”巧妙结合,形成了强大舆论压力,激发了人们爱国情怀。各地各界民众节衣缩食踊跃捐输,推动了运动开展。运动取得显著成效,募款购机110多架,增强了国家航空实力,为抗战奠定了一定的物质基础。运动虽有扰民的弊病,但其积极意义值得肯定。

In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War,the strength of the Sino-Japanese Air Force was very different.The Japanese Air Force continued to bomb Chinese territory by its dominant position,causing serious damages to China.Chinese officers and ordinary people further deepened their cognition that"No air defense means no national defense",and various campaigns of"fund raising for purchasing planes"were conducted.To promote the development of the campaign,Shanghai launched the campaign of"offering aplane to celebrate birthday"under the promotion of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics and other social organizations,and called upon the society to raise funds for purchasing planes in the name of celebrating Chiang Kai-shek's fiftieth birthday.All departments of Nationalist Party,all organizations of National Government,all groups in each industry,all classes and overseas Chinese actively donated.In the process of campaign mobilization,organizers mentioned loyalty to leaders and loyalty to the country in the same breath through shaping the leader image of Chiang Kai-shek,and ingeniously combined"celebrating leader's birthday"and"wishing the country prosperity",forming powerful pressure from public opinion and motivating people's feelings for loving the country.The people from various places and all walks of life lived frugally and actively donated,driving the development of the campaign.The campaign made remarkable achievements,and more than 110aircrafts were purchased,which enhanced national aviation strength and laid a certain material foundation for the War of Resistance.Although the movement has the drawbacks of disturbing the people,its positive significance needs to be affirmed.