国外产竹种子形态特征及其育苗技术

Morphological Characteristics of Foreign Bamboo Seeds and Their Seedling Technology

测定分析了10种国外产竹种子的形态特征,并对他们进行育苗试验。结果表明:种子形状多为卵形、长锥形、椭球形,颜色以黄褐色、褐色、褐黑色为主,长度和直径分别为4~60 mm和0.9~5.5 mm;果实一般为圆锥形、锥形、卵形,颜色以灰褐色、灰色为主,长度和直径分别为5~64 mm和1.2~7.5 mm;大藤竹种子播种品质指标最好,具有最高的纯净度(97.4%)、千粒质量(201.0 g)、发芽率(95.4%)、发芽势(51.5%)、含水量(9.3%)、生活力(98.8%)及较低的病虫害感染度(6.5%);有机质是有效提高各竹种出苗率的首选基质;宜采用先撒播种子,待胚苗有1~3片叶时再移入营养袋培育的育苗方式;育苗时施用氮磷钾复合肥,并在苗木离地50 cm处进行封顶处理,能有效促进苗木生长。

The morphological characteristics of 10 species of foreign bamboo seeds are measured and the seedling experiments carried out.The results show that most of the bamboo seeds are oval,cone-shaped and ellipsoid in shape,and mainly yellow brown,brown and brown black in color,and their length and diameter are 4~60 mm and 0.9~5.5 mm,respectively.Their fruits are generally cone-shaped,cone-shaped and oval-shaped,mainly gray brown and gray in color and with length and diameter of 5~64 mm and 1.2~7.5 mm.Dinochloa marginata has the best sowing quality in purity(97.4%),thousand-grain weight(201.0 g),germination rate(95.4%),germination potential(51.5%),water content(9.3%),vigor(98.8%)and infection rate of diseases and pests(6.5%).Organic matter is the best seedling substrate for effectively improving the emergence rate of all species of bamboos;the way of seedling cultivation is to sow seeds first,and then transplanting the embryo seedlings into the nutrition bag when they has 1~3 leaves;the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and the sealing at the seedling height of 50 cm can effectively promote the growth of seedlings.