民汉合校民族团结教育的成效、挑战、建议——以乌鲁木齐市三所民汉合校为例

National Unity Education in Co-schooling of Han and Ethnic Minorities:Achievements,Challenges and Paths--Taking Three Schools in Urumchi as an Example

民汉合校在促进各民族学生的接触和交往以及加强民族团结教育方面具有独特的优势。以乌鲁木齐市民汉合校为研究对象,运用半结构式访谈法收集材料。研究发现:新疆民汉合校通过民汉混合编班、混合住宿、民汉班级结对等方式开展民族团结教育,促进了各民族师生的广泛接触,使民族团结教育更加生活化,提高了学生的语言水平和学业成绩;同时,新疆民汉合校的民族教育面临活动开展连续性不足、教师跨文化管理能力不足、管理缺乏灵活性等挑战。为迎接这些挑战,基于接触理论提出对策和建议:采取合班形式讲授音乐、体育、美术等课程;打造专业化宿舍管理团队;提高教师的跨文化素养;创新管理方式,使活动开展得更灵活、更自由等。

The Co-schooling of Han and Ethnic Minorities has unique advantages in promoting contacts and communication among students of different ethnic groups and strengthening education of national unity.This study took the Co-schooling of Han and Ethnic Minorities in Urumqi as a research object and collected materials by using semi-structured interviews.The study found that Co-schooling of Han and Ethnic Minorities carried out national unity education through the ways as follows mixing students of Han and ethnic minorities in classes and dormitories and pairing of Han and Ethnic minority students,which has promoted extensive contact between dif⁃ferent ethnic minority groups,made national unity education more life-oriented and improved students language proficiency and academic achievements.However,there are still some challenges,such as,insufficient continu⁃ity of activities,teachers'inadequate cross-cultural management capabilities and lack of flexibility in manage⁃ment.In order to overcome these challenges,the countermeasures are proposed based on the contact theory:set⁃ting courses mixing Han and ethnic minorities students including music,P.E and art;building a professional dormitory management team;improving the cross-cultural literacy of teachers and innovating management meth⁃ods to make the student activities more flexible.