聚氨酯材料在路面工程中的应用进展

Application Progress of Polyurethane Material in Pavement Engineering

聚氨酯是一种新型的路面铺装胶结材料。为推动聚氨酯在路面工程中的应用,基于文献中的试验数据,对国内外最新研究内容进行了总结。从聚氨酯与沥青的相容性、沥青性能试验和水对聚氨酯改性沥青性能的影响等方面探讨了聚氨酯改性沥青的性能。从高温车辙试验、低温弯曲小梁试验和水稳定性试验等方面探讨了聚氨酯改性沥青混合料和多孔隙聚氨酯碎石混合料的路用性能,并研究了聚氨酯橡胶颗粒混合料的除冰性能、吸声减振性能。综述分析表明:聚氨酯可降低沥青的针入度值,提高沥青的延度值和软化点。动态剪切流变试验和弯曲蠕变劲度试验结果表明:聚氨酯可提高沥青的高温和低温性能;在聚氨酯改性沥青制备过程中加入适量的水可使沥青间氢键更加牢固,沥青的性能得到改善。路用性能试验表明:聚氨酯改性沥青混合料的动稳定度优异,低温性能也得到了改善,但水稳定性能一般;多孔隙聚氨酯碎石混合料的高温性能、水-热性能和抗疲劳能力较好,但水稳定性和抗滑性能需要提高;随着聚氨酯掺量的增加,聚氨酯橡胶颗粒混合料的动稳定度、劈裂荷载、残留稳定度增加,飞散损失值下降;因聚氨酯和橡胶颗粒具有一定的弹性,聚氨酯橡胶颗粒混合料的除冰性能、吸声和减振性能优越。最后,对今后研究方向给出了一些建议。

Polyurethane(PU)is a new type pavement binding material.In order to promote the application of PU in pavement engineering,the latest researches at home and abroad are summarized based on the experimental data in the literatures.First,the performance of PU modified asphalt is discussed in terms of compatibility between PU and asphalt,asphalt performance test and the influence of water on performance of PU modified asphalt.Then,the pavement performances of PU modified asphalt mixture and porous PU gravel mixture are discussed from the results of high temperature rutting test,low temperature beam bending test and water stability test,and the deicing performance,sound absorption and vibration reduction performance of PU rubber particle mixture are studied.The review and analysis show that the penetration of asphalt is decreased,the ductility and the softening point of asphalt are increased after adding PU into asphalt.The result of dynamic shear rheological test and bending creep stiffness test show that(1)PU can improve the high and low temperature properties of asphalt;(2)in the preparation of PU modified asphalt,adding appropriate amount of water can make the hydrogen bond between asphalt stronger,and can improve the asphalt performance.The road performance test shows that(1)the dynamic stability of PU modified asphalt mixture is excellent,its low temperature performance is also improved,while its water stability is general;(2)the high temperature performance,hydrothermal and fatigue resistance performance of porous PU gravel mixture are better,while its water stability and sliding resistance need to be improved;(3)with the increasing of PU content,the dynamic stability,splitting load and residual stability of PU rubber particle mixtures increase,and the value of dispersion loss decreases;(4)the deicing performance,sound absorption and vibration absorption performances of PU rubber particle mixtures are superior because of the certain elasticity of PU and rubber particles.Finally,some suggestions for future research are put forward.