考虑需求起讫点及需求等级的响应型社区公交行车调度优化

Optimization of Responsive Community Transit Scheduling Considering Demand OD and Level

为提高社区公交对乘客出行需求空间和时间分布波动性的适应能力,减少乘客等待时间和步行到站时间,提出了一种新型响应型社区公交服务,对响应型社区公交的行车调度优化方法进行了研究。通过在社区内部设置高密度的上车、下车备选站点,并根据需求申请的时间将需求等级划分为3个等级。考虑需求起讫点及需求等级对响应型社区公交行车调度进行优化,满足了乘客对于起讫站点的个性化需求,避免了乘客产生二次等待。以空载率、乘客平均不满意度、以及运营里程最小化为评价目标,考虑各类需求、车辆载客容量、乘客被服务时间窗等约束条件,针对响应型社区公交建立了两阶段行车调度优化模型。第1阶段静态调度优化针对发车前已收到的出行预约需求求解优化模型,确定本班次车辆需要响应的预约需求和行车路线;第2阶段动态调度优化针对本班次发车后收到的动态预约需求,考虑动态预约需求申请时刻,在第1阶段静态调度优化结果的基础上求解第2阶段动态调度优化模型,确定本班次需要响应的动态预约需求并调整行车路线。以上海市温泰线社区公交为案例,验证了调度优化方法的效益,匹配了出行需求的起讫站点,根据需求等级对静态、动态需求进行了区别响应,案例优化效果达到了37.68%。

In order to improve the adaptability of community transit to the spatial and temporal distribution fluctuation of passengers’travel,and to reduce their waiting time and walking time,a new type of responsive community transit service is put forward.The optimization method of traffic scheduling for responsive community transit is studied.High-density pick-up and drop-off alternative stations are set up in the community,and travelers’demands are divided into 3 levels based on their application’s chronological order.Then,considering passengers’different demand ODs and levels,the transit scheduling is optimized,which could not only satisfy the demand of passengers’individual OD but also avoid their second waiting.The two-phase traffic scheduling optimization model for responsive community transit is established to achieve the minimum of empty-loading rate,passenger average dissatisfaction rate and operating mileage with many constraints,such as different travel demands,seating capacity and passenger served time window.The static scheduling optimization(stage 1)solves the optimization model for the travel reservation demand received before departure,and determines the reservation demand and driving route that this shift vehicle needs to respond to.The dynamic scheduling optimization(stage 2)hinges on the result of stage 1.For the dynamic reservation demands received after the departure of this shift,it considers the application time of dynamic reservation demand,determines the dynamic reservation demand that this shift needs to respond to and adjust the driving route.By a case study of Wentai Line community transit in Shanghai,the efficiency of scheduling optimization method is verified,the OD of travel demand is matched,and both static and dynamic models are used to respond to different demand levels.The case optimization effect reached 37.68%.