基于国外文献综述的社区环境儿童出行安全评价指标

EVALUATION INDICATORS OF CHILDREN’S MOBILITY SAFETY IN THE COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT BASED ON ENGLISH LITERATURE REVIEW

联合国儿童基金会的"儿童友好型城市倡议"以维护儿童权利为核心,旨在推进有益于儿童发展的城市及社区环境建设,而"安全"是最基本的儿童权利。本文以儿童友好型城市倡议中社会、健康、出行三大层面的安全要求为基础,重点探讨如何在社区环境层面评价儿童的出行安全。研究从41篇国外指标类文献(含18项评价工具)和82篇其他类文献中提取出评价社区环境下儿童出行安全的相关指标,构建含有"机动车交通环境""步行/骑行环境""其他指标"三项一级指标的评价指标框架,并根据出行安全的不同维度,将其进一步分为11项二级指标、29项三级指标,以及若干四级指标。这一基于国外语境的出行安全指标框架虽然有待在地性验证,但将有助于对中国现有环境建设规范中出行安全的相关要求进行系统性完善、建立更为精细化的分层指标体系,为项目实践中的各阶段评估应用提供有益参考。

The Child Friendly Cities Initiative launched by UNICEF aims to protect child rights and promote the establishment of urban and community environment conductive to children development, and safety must be guaranteed first as the precondition of the child rights. Based on social, health, and mobility safety required by the initiative, this paper focuses on how to evaluate children’s mobility safety in the community environment. After literature review, 41 indicator articles involving 18 assessment tools and 82 other articles were screened, and safety-related indicators were selected to establish an evaluation indicator framework composed of three first-level indictors, i.e., motor traffic environment, walking/bicycling environment, and other indicators. They were further subdivided into 11 second-level indicators, 29 third-level indicators, and more fourth-level indicators. Although this framework needs localized verification and adaption in Chinese cities, it can help systematically improve the mobility safety requirements of the existing regulations and guidelines of urban environment construction to establish a multi-leveled indicator system and provide references for performance evaluation on related practice at all stages.