深圳城中村及正规居住区内儿童离校后活动情况调查研究

AFTERSCHOOL ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN LIVING IN URBAN VILLAGES AND PLANNED COMMUNITIES IN SHENZHEN

放学离校后是儿童日常体力活动的主要时段。本次研究旨在填补人们对于中国初中生离校后活动的认知空白。为了了解深圳城中村儿童及正规居住区儿童的离校后活动情况,本研究选取了深圳三所位于典型学区内的中学,并随机抽取班级进行问卷调查,最终收回366份完整问卷,并获取了一周5个工作日内学生进行中高强度体力活动(MVPA)、参加课外班、久坐情况,以及上下学出行路线的完整数据。研究发现,积极出行距离越远,产生的MVPA越多,且积极出行存在距离阈值。与家住正规居住区的儿童相比,居住在城中村的儿童出行距离更远,进行的MVPA更多。不同儿童的M V P A水平差异显著,但MVPA与课外班的数量以及上下学的交通方式无关。尽管研究结果表明,中国初中生的离校后活动水平高于西方国家,但相关积极活动在初三一年被迫终止,原因是初三学生需要将几乎所有时间都投入到准备高中入学考试之中。本次研究揭示了社会背景以及住所-学校距离远近对于中国儿童进行MVPA的重要性,并指出虽然当前的城市规划有助于儿童实现积极出行,但仍需进一步削减日益增加的机动车辆、宽马路、障碍物等因素对儿童出行造成的不利影响。

Afterschool is an important time period for children to improve their weekday physical activity.This study aimed at filling a gap in people’s knowledge of middle school children’s afterschool activity in China.In order to study afterschool activity of children living in urban villages and planned communities in Shenzhen,a questionnaire was applied in three schools located in the typical school districts in Shenzhen,aimed at a 100%sample of randomly selected classrooms.Complete data for moderate-to-vigorous physical activities(MVPA),cram schools,sedentary activities,and the itineraries of their school-to-home commutes were obtained for 5 weekdays in one week in an in-class survey,for a total of 366 complete surveys.It was found that a greater active commuting distance from school generated more MVPA,and there was a distance threshold for active commutes.Children residing in urban villages travelled farther and engaged in more MVPA than did children in planned residential areas.MVPA varied greatly among children but was unrelated to the number of cram schools or transport mode to school.Although these results showed greater levels of afterschool activity than that have been found generally in surveys in Western contexts,such active activity terminates in the final year of middle school when students devote nearly all available time to study for high school entrance exams.This study revealed the importance of social context and distance to school for children’s MVPA in China,and pointed out that the current urban planning contributes to active travel of children but needs further adjustment to mitigate the effects of increasing motorization,bigger roads,and physical barriers to movement.