儿童友好型社区营造中的参与者社会网络构建与分析——以湖南省长沙市育才第三小学“娃娃农园”营造实践为例

THE ESTABLISHMENT AND ANALYSES OF THE SOCIAL NETWORK OF PARTICIPANTS IN CHILD-FRIENDLY COMMUNITY BUILDING--A CASE OF THE KIDS’GARDENS IN YUCAI NO.3 PRIMARY SCHOOL IN CHANGSHA,HUNAN PROVINCE

本研究针对中国大陆地区社区营造过程中公众参与和多元合作模式面临的现实问题,以湖南省长沙市育才第三小学"娃娃农园"营造实践为例,运用社会网络分析软件(UCINET),建立了基于联系网络的社群图,对儿童友好型社区营造实践过程中的参与者主体特征及其网络关系的变化展开了系统解析。由此发现,"娃娃农园"联合居民("民")、政府和党组织("政")、高校("校"),以及企事业单位和组织("企")四方力量,成功借助外部力量带动各方参与,撬动了"企"方社区的内部资源;在营造过程中,被培育的"企"方最终克服了组织惰性、脱离了外部力量,实现了独立运营并发展壮大。研究结果表明,从参与者社会网络结构的整体视角来看,存在自主模式与依赖模式两种不同方向,其中以内部关系主导、致密组织、树状结构和结构进化为特征的自主模式在网络发展中更具优势;从参与主体的个体视角来看,网络中存在一些关键代理角色,其"中介"工作可以提高营造活动的成功率。最后,根据上述结论,本研究从加强空间对多种功能的适用性、细分责任区块、提供"半完成"状态的空间,以及分期开发等方面为同类型的社区营造实践提供了可借鉴的空间设计策略。

Introducing the case of the Kids’Gardens in Yucai No.3 Primary School in Changsha City,Hunan Province,this study established sociograms upon the contact-frequency-based network with UCINET to systematically analyze the characteristics of different participants in the process of the childfriendly community building and the varying pattern of all social relations,aiming at addressing problems emerging in public participation and multi-stakeholder collaboration in Chinese mainland.It was found that by bonding stakeholders including citizens,the government and party organizations,universities,and public institutions and enterprises,this practice encouraged the school-as a community-to leverage its internal resources.The school finally overcame the organizational inertia and achieved independent operation and growth during the process of community building.The study also demonstrated that the social network of participants was developed and defined with both independent and dependent modes from an overall perspective,of which the former characterized for its dominant internal ties and a dense tree-like hierarchical management structure might be more efficient.From a participant perspective,the brokerage roles in key nodes were critical to the community building.Finally,spatial design strategies,including enhancing the spatial affordance to serve diverse activities,space zoning and allocation,offering"half-done"spaces,and phased development,were provided for similar community building practice.