面向积极生活的建成环境量表比较研究

COMPARATIVE RESEARCH OF AUDIT TOOLS ON BUILT ENVIRONMENT FOR ACTIVE LIVING

当前,慢性非传染性疾病严重影响社会整体公共健康水平,并已造成巨大的社会经济负担。大量研究表明,以促进体力活动的方式来提倡积极生活能够预防和治疗部分慢性疾病,而评测影响体力活动的潜在建成环境要素是通过环境规划设计实践促进积极生活的认知前提。本文聚焦与体力活动密切相关的建成环境量表,阐述了国际上度量体力活动的相关环境量表的编制背景、整体特征及研究现状,分析了26种环境量表的选项设置、主要度量要素、计算方式、适用范围,以及实际研究应用等,并分别对社区、开放空间、其他环境三种类型量表的具体指标内容进行说明。研究发现,虽然量表种类多样,但其编制和应用遵循特定模式,其中,设施、可达性、视觉质量、安全性是量表中常见的指标类型。通过梳理相关量表编制、分析、校验的国际经验,本文试图为中国同类环境量表的编制提供借鉴,进而为评估社区营造及健康城市建设提供参考。

Nowadays,chronic non-communicable diseases have impacted the overall public health level of societies and caused severe socio-economic burden.Empirical studies have revealed that physical activities can promote active living and help prevent and heal non-communicable diseases.Evaluation of built environment factors associated with physical activities is the precondition of promoting active living through environmental planning and design.This paper focuses on environmental audit tools related to physical activities,reviews the background,interests,and progress of international research,and compares the option forms,main measured factors,scoring methods,and application suitability of 26 audit tools.It then categorizes these audit tools into the ones for community,open space,and other scenarios,and examines their indicator items respectively.The paper concludes a preparation pattern across various audit tools,and identifies that facilities,accessibility,visual quality,and safety are the indicators most commonly measured.This paper attempts to introduce international experience of developing,analyzing,and verifying audit tools to inform Chinese research and practice and provide references for evaluating the design and construction of healthy cities or communities.