唐丞相孙偓墓志与晚唐政局相关问题考

Textual Research on Epitaph of the Prime Minister Sun Wo in the Tang Dynasty

孙偓墓志对于探明唐末梁初诸多重大史事大有裨益。志主孙偓为唐昭宗时的宰相,经历了唐末黄巢起义、藩镇作乱的动荡,任相期间随昭宗驻跸华州,事涉唐王朝与韩建、李茂贞、朱朴等的复杂关系,与晚唐政局与唐梁易代等重大史事多有关联,多有补正史书之处;在黄巢起义、藩镇相继为乱的时候,党项拓跋(李)思谏兄弟屡次率部勤王,为表彰其勤王之举,朝廷特赐夏州军号为定难军。孙偓与党项李氏曾经是休戚与共、相互配合的。昭宗因一时不信任孙偓与党项李氏兄弟而一错再错,结果很快落入韩建与朱温魔掌。晚唐韩建、朱温之所以挟持昭宗东迁,除了他们个人的势力范围使然外,远避西北的党项及回鹘的势力也是重要的原因。晚唐藩镇角逐中,党项已经成为一支实力强劲的新兴势力。

The epitaph of Sun Wo is of great benefit to the discussion of many major issues at the end of the Tang Dynasty.As the prime minister when Tang Zhaozong was the emperor,he had a rich life experience and experienced the turmoil of the Huang Chao Uprising and the Town of the Tang Dynasty.Especially during the period of being the prime minister,he accompanied Tang Zhaozong in Huazhou,involving on complex relationship between the Tang Dynasty and Han Jian,Li Maozhen,Zhu Pu;Sun Wo attended some major events in the period of the Liang Dynasty taking the place of the Tang Dynasty.The records could correct the history books.When the Huang Chao uprising and the feudal towns were in chaos,the Tangut Tuoba(Li)Sijian and his brothers repeatedly led their army to help the emperor,the Tang court named the Dingnan Army to the Xiazhou troop to commend their feats.Sun Wo and the Tangut Li had once lived together and cooperated with each other.Tang Zhaozong once mistrusted Sun Wo and the Tangut Li,and went wrong again and again,then soon fell into the hands of Han Jian and Zhu Wen.In the late Tang Dynasty,the reason why Han Jian and Zhu Wen held Tang Zhaozong eastwards was that apart from their personal sphere of influence,there was also an important reason that to avoid the Tangut and the Uighur forces in the northwest.It can also be seen that in the contest of the late Tang Dynasty,the Tangut had become a powerful emerging force.