民间信仰民俗化:价值、问题与路径

Folklorization of Folk Beliefs:Value,Problems and Paths

民间信仰民俗化是中国当代社会民间信仰转化创新的基本政策取向,为民间信仰文化的现代传承提升拓展了价值空间。民间信仰作为一种历史悠久的宗教文化形态,兼具宗教性与民俗性,它不是宗教,但也不同于民俗文化。在民间信仰民俗化实践中,长期存在"以民俗代信仰"的认知取向和行动"偏好",其实与民间信仰民俗化的文化历史逻辑相偏离,既难以揭示民间信仰原真性本身的文化意义,又难以反映民间信仰现代转型之于国家政治和百姓生活秩序建构的独特性,不利于民间信仰民俗化价值旨归的实现。坚持民间信仰的民俗化取向和加快民间信仰的创造性转化,要以有利于民间信仰优秀伦理观念的传导、有利于国家与社会关系的协调、有利于民间信仰治理体系的建设为旨归,首要在于廓清民间信仰与民俗的关系,关键在于健全培育文化引领与制度保障双驱动的创造性转化机制,最终建构与新时代文化自信、民族自信相契合的中国特色的民间信仰制度体系。

Folklorization of folk beliefs is the basic policy orientation of the transformation and innovation of folk beliefs in contemporary Chinese society,which expands the value space for the modern inheritance and promotion of folk beliefs culture.Folk beliefs,as a form of religious culture with a long history,have both religious and folk features.It is not a religion,but it is also different from folk culture.In practice of folk beliefs folklorization,there has been a long-term cognition orientation of"substituting beliefs with folk customs"and action"preferences".In fact,it deviates from the cultural and historical logic of folk beliefs folklorization.It is difficult to reveal the cultural significance of folk beliefs authenticity and also difficult to reflect the uniqueness of the modern folk beliefs transformation to national politics and the construction of people’s life order,which is against the realization of folk beliefs value orientation.Adhering to the orientation of folk beliefs folklorization and accelerating the creative transformation of folk beliefs should aim to facilitate the transmission of excellent ethical concepts of folk beliefs,the coordination of state and social relationship and the construction of the folk beliefs governance system.The first thing is to clarify the relationship between folk beliefs and folk customs.The key is to perfect the creative transformation mechanism that fosters the dual drive of cultural leadership and institutional guarantees,and ultimately build a folk belief system with Chinese characteristics that matches the cultural self-confidence and national self-confidence in the new era.