金钗石斛拟境栽培技术评价与原理分析

Technical evaluation and principle analysis of simulative habitat cultivation of Dendrobium nobile

中药材"拟境栽培"技术是通过模拟野生中药资源的原始生境和立地环境,保持药材道地之品质。金钗石斛是中药材拟境栽培中体现药材生产和生态环境协调发展最具代表性的中药品种。该文提炼金钗石斛拟境栽培模式的技术要点是:种苗组织快繁技术保证种源遗传稳定性、线卡+腐熟牛粪浆+活苔藓盖根法提高存活率、附石栽培提高药材品质、统一菌根真菌提高药材质量稳定性。并在总结该技术应用所产生的生态效益、经济和社会效益基础上,系统分析了金钗石斛拟境栽培促进品质优良的技术原理是:林下生态位的光、气、热、肥资源符合金钗石斛的野生立地环境;林中丰富、复杂的土壤微生物群落奠定了石斛生长需要的物种多样性;金钗石斛附石生长的胁迫效应使其次生代谢产物的累积;苔藓植物等共生真菌与金钗石斛建立的共生关系促进植物次生代谢产物合成。拟境栽培技术改善和优化实现了高品质金钗石斛的高效生产。

The technique of"simulative habitat cultivation"is to preserve the quality of traditional Chinese medicine by simulating the original habitat and site environment of wild Chinese medicine resources.Dendrobium nobile is the most representative variety of traditional Chinese medicine which reflects the coordinated development of medicinal material production and ecological environment.In this paper,the main technical points of the simulated cultivation model of D.nobile were summarized as follows:rapid propagation of seedling tissue technology to ensure the genetic stability of provenance;line card+fermented cow manure+live moss method to improve the survival rate;epiphytic stone cultivation to improve the quality of medicinal materials;and the integration of mycorrhizal fungi to improve the quality stability of medicinal materials.On the basis of summarizing the ecological benefits,economical and social benefits generated by the application of the technology,the paper systematically analyzes the principle of the technology for the cultivation of D.nobile to promote the excellent quality,the light,gas,heat and fertilizer resources of the undergrowth niche are in line with the wild site environment of D.nobile.The rich and complex soil microbial community in the forest laid the foundation for the species diversity needed for the growth of D.nobile.The stress effect on the growth of D.nobile resulted in the accumulation of secondary metabolites.The symbiotic relationship between the symbiotic fungi such as bryophytes and D.nobile promotes the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites.The high quality D.nobile was produced efficiently by improving and optimizing the cultivation techniques.