从天泉证道看阳明弟子钱德洪和王畿的学术论辩

On the Academic Debate between Qian and Wang from the Perspective of Tianquan's Doctrine

围绕善恶的有无,钱德洪与王畿的分歧形成“四有教”与“四无教”。钱德洪“四有教”依托“下根”之人没法直接顿悟本体,需在意念世界里面反复训练思维,念念致良知,通过持久的工夫上达本体;王畿的“四无教”教法,立意高远,高妙顿悟直觉把握能力,为“上根人”立法,即本体即工夫。这就是阳明心学史上著名的“天泉证道”学术公案,影响深远。无论是直接顿悟,还是渐修而悟,在阳明“四句教”看来,都必须要大彻大悟,体会到万物之理内化于心的契合,至善在心,日用渐修,为善去恶,知行合一,致良知。

Around the presence or absence of good and evil,the differences between Qian Xushan and Wang Longxi,both deciples of Yangming School,derived“Si-wu Theory”(four have-nots)and“Si-you Theory”(four haves).Qian's theory proposes the everlasting efforts of“low”people to practice theiry thought for an epiphany.However,Wang’s theory has a lofty conception,and emphasizes intuitive grasp ability of“upper”people.That is the famous academic case of"Tian Quan Zheng Dao"in the history of Yangming Mind Study with a far-reaching influence.Whether people reaches epiphany directly or is enlightened gradually,in the view of Yangming School,it is necessary to have a thorough understanding to realize the harmony of the internalization of the principles of all things into the heart,keep the supreme good in the heart,eliminate the evil,unite knowledge and practice,and then realize the conscience.