论马克思“消灭劳动”的内涵

The Connotation of Marx's Thought of "Eliminating Labor"

马克思将对资本以及与资本相同的诸种活动方式的批判归结为“消灭劳动”,这是马克思批判市民社会的原则高度。在现实的个人无法放弃其为生产者之规定性的前提下,人如何可能消灭劳动?在马克思那里,所谓“革命”即“消灭劳动”,即消灭现存状况的现实的运动,这一运动必然是普遍的、世界历史性的。因此,对这一问题的重新审视必须围绕以下三个方面:自发分工下人的分裂和异化,处于异化劳动中的人的必然归宿,以及现实的个人之大多数都成为“没有财产的人”是作为共产主义的实际前提。

Marx's criticism of capital and related activities with the same structure of capital can be attributed to"eliminating labor",which is the principle height of Marx's criticism of civil society.However,on the premise that the real individual cannot give up their stipulation as producers,how can the labor be eliminated?In Marx's view,the socalled"revolution"means"elimination of labor",that is,a realistic movement of eliminating the existing situation,and this movement is bound to be universal and world-historic.Therefore,re-examination of this issue must focus on the following aspects:the division and alienation of human beings under the spontaneous division of labor;the inevitable fate of people in alienation;and the fact that most of the real individuals becoming"people without property"is the actual premise of communism.