自觉与觉他——后五四时代革命知识分子自我认同的转变

Self Awareness and Awareness of Others——The Transformation of Revolutionary Intellectuals’Self Identity in the Post May Fourth Era

五四运动之后,阶级观念在更大范围内传播开来,中国革命的主题受其影响亦发生重大变化,参与到革命进程中的读书人的自身定位也随之而变.在革命再起的复杂语境下,之前失败的革命被视为“士大夫革命”而遭否定,革命知识分子“士”的认同也一并终结.早期共产党人自我认同的转变最为彻底.在他们的影响之下,部分青年学生积极回应阶级观念,将学校中的不平等现象理解为“阶级”问题,把自身想象成处于被压迫者地位的“无产阶级青年”,在思想上成为社会革命的预备力量.

After the May 4th Movement,the concept of class spread in a wider range,the theme of the Chinese revolution and its future were fundamentally affected by it,and the position of the intellectuals who participated in the revolutionary process changed accordingly.In the complex context of the resurgence of the revolution,the failure of the revolution as a“scholar-bureaucrat revolution”was negated,and the recognition of revolutionary intellectual“scholar”also ended with the“scholar-bureaucrat revolution”era.Early Marxists were the most thorough force to achieve this transformation,and were also an important force to further promote the transformation of self-identity of young students as major participants in the new revolution.Under the influence of the concepts of democracy and class,some young students,on the basis of understanding inequality in schools as“class”,imagined themselves as“proletarian youth”in the position of the oppressed.Under the guidance of the CCP,they realized the transformation of their class identity and thus became the preparatory force for social revolution.