东莞市14295名职业性噪声接触者听力异常情况

Situation of hearing abnormalities in 14295 occupational noise-exposed workers in Dongguan City

目的对东莞市14295名职业性噪声接触者听力异常情况进行分析,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法2017年1月1日-12月31日根据GBZ 188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》的要求,对东莞市14295名职业性噪声接触者进行职业健康检查,并对其健康检查资料进行分析。结果14295名职业性噪声接触者年龄中位数34.0(14.0)岁,工龄中位数4.1(4.8)年,听力异常、听力损失和疑似噪声聋检出率分别为53.15%、5.20%和0.19%。其中,男性听力异常、听力损失、疑似噪声聋检出率均高于女性(均P<0.05);听力异常、听力损失、疑似噪声聋检出率均随着年龄和工龄的增加而呈现上升趋势,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);不同行业间听力异常、听力损失、疑似噪声聋检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。租赁和商务服务业的听力异常、听力损失和疑似噪声聋检出率最高,分别为64.72%、9.72%和1.67%;各类经济类型企业的听力异常率均高于50.00%,不同经济类型企业听力异常、听力损失检出率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论东莞市职业性噪声接触者听力状况不容乐观,职业卫生监管部门、企业、员工均应更加重视职业性噪声问题,提高职业危害防护意识和做好预防工作。

Objective To analyze the hearing abnormalities of 14295 occupational noise-exposed workers in Dongguan City,provide evidence for the formulation of prevention and control strategies.Methods According to the requirements of"Occupational Health Surveillance technical specifications"(GBZ 188-2014),the occupational health examination was conducted on 14295 occupational noise-exposed workers in Dongguan City from January 1 to December 31,2017,and their health examination data were analyzed.Results The median age of 14295 occupational noise-exposed workers was 34.0(14.0)years old,and the median length of service was 4.1(4.8)years.The detection rates of hearing abnormality,hearing loss and suspected noise deafness were 53.15%,5.20%and 0.19%,respectively.The detection rates of hearing abnormality,hearing loss and suspected noise deafness in males were higher than those in females(all P<0.05).The detection rates of hearing abnormality,hearing loss and suspected noise deafness increased with age and working age,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of hearing abnormality,hearing loss and suspected noise deafness among different industries(all P<0.05).The detection rates of hearing abnormality,hearing loss and suspected noise deafness in rental and business services industries were the highest,which was 64.72%,9.72%and 1.67%,respectively.The hearing abnormality rates in all kinds of economic enterprises were higher than 50%.The differences in the detection rates of hearing abnormality and hearing loss were statistically significant among enterprises of different economic types(all P<0.05)the enterprises of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan economic type had the highest detection rates of hearing abnormality and hearing loss,which were 55.27%and 5.78%,respectively.Conclusion The hearing status of occupational noise-exposed workers in Dongguan City is not optimistic.Occupational health supervision departments,enterprises and employees should pay more attention to occupational noise,improve occupational hazard protection awareness and do a good job of prevention.