3种职业健康风险评估方法在某小型空气液化和填充企业噪声危害中的运用

Application of three occupational health risk assessment methods to noise hazards in a small air liquefaction filling enterprise

目的采用3种职业健康风险评估方法对某小型空气液化和填充企业噪声危害进行风险评估,探索适合空气液化和填充企业的职业健康风险评估方法。方法2016-2018年对清远市某小型空气液化和填充企业职业卫生现状和噪声危害进行调查,采用澳大利亚职业健康与安全风险评估方法(UQ)、罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法(MLSP)和国际采矿与金属委员会风险评估方法(ICMM)进行风险评估,并对评估结果进行比较分析。结果对充装、巡检接触噪声导致噪声聋进行职业危害风险评估,UQ和ICMM评估结果一致,均高于MLSP评估结果。对中控接触噪声导致噪声聋进行职业危害风险评估,MLSP和ICMM评估结果一致,均高于UQ评估结果。对充装接触噪声导致听力损失进行职业危害风险评估,ICMM评估结果最高、UQ评估结果次之、MLSP评估结果最低。对中控接触噪声导致听力损失进行职业危害风险评估,MLSP和ICMM评估结果一致,均高于UQ评估结果。对巡检接触噪声导致听力损失进行职业危害风险评估,UQ和ICMM评估结果一致,均高于MLSP评估结果。结论3种风险评估方法均以危害的结果为依据进行评估,具有一定的客观性。在空气液化和填充企业职业健康风险评估实践中,选择风险评估结果较高的ICMM方法更为合适。

Objective To adopt three methods of occupational health risk assessment to evaluate the risk of noise hazard in a small air liquefaction filling enterprise,explore the occupational health risk assessment method suitable for air liquefaction filling enterprises.Methods From 2016-2018,the occupational health status and noise hazards of a small air liquefaction filling enterprise in Qingyuan City were investigated.The risk assessment was performed by the Australian occupational health and safety risk assessment method(UQ),Romania Risk Assessment Method for Occupational Accidents and Diseases(MLSP)and risk assessment of International Council on Mining and Metals(ICMM),and the results were compared and analyzed.Results Occupational hazard risk assessment of noise deafness caused by filling and patrol inspection was conducted,and the results of UQ and ICMM were consistent,which both were higher than that of MLSP.Occupational hazard risk assessment of noise deafness caused by central control was conducted,and the results of MLSP and ICMM,which both were higher than that of UQ.Occupational hazard risk assessment of hearing loss caused by filling was conducted,and the result of ICMM was the highest,followed by UQ,and the result of MLSP was the lowest.Occupational hazard risk assessment of hearing loss caused by central control was conducted,and the results of MLSP and ICMM were consistent,which both were higher than that of UQ.Occupational hazard risk assessment of hearing loss caused by patrol inspection was conducted,and the results of UQ and ICMM were consistent,which both were higher than that of MLSP.Conclusion The three risk assessment methods are objective and based on the results of hazards.In the practice of occupational health risk assessment of air liquefaction filling enterprises,ICMM method with higher risk assessment results is more suitable.