山东省六地市农村老年人应对方式在人格特征与总体幸福感之间的中介作用

Mediating effect of coping styles between personality characteristics and general well-being of rural elderly in six cities of Shandong Province

目的了解山东省六地市农村老年人人格特征、应对方式与总体幸福感(GWB)之间的关系。方法2019年1-2月采用自行设计的人口学调查问卷、艾森克人格量表(EPQ Adult)、应对方式问卷(CSQ)及GWB量表对山东省六地市的283名>60岁农村老年人进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果参加活动、有配偶、文化程度较高、年龄偏低的老年人GWB得分高于不参加活动、无配偶、文化程度较低和年龄偏高的老年人,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。内外向人格与GWB呈正相关(r=0.370,P<0.01),神经质、精神质与GWB呈负相关(r=-0.451、-0.304,均P<0.01);应对方式中的解决问题、求助与GWB呈正相关(r=0.384、0.254,均P<0.01),与自责呈负相关(r=-0.224,P<0.05)。中介效应分析显示,解决问题、自责及求助在内外向人格对GWB的影响中起部分中介作用,中介效应大小依次为27.51%、15.51%和12.44%;解决问题在精神质对GWB的影响中起部分中介作用,中介效应为12.47%。结论山东省6地市农村老年人的人格特征对GWB有直接影响,且部分是通过应对方式的中介效应实现的。

Objective To explore the relationship between personality characteristics,coping styles and general well-being(GWB)of rural elderly in six cities of Shandong Province.Methods From January to February 2019,283 elderly people over 60 years old in 6 cities of Shandong Province were investigated with a self-designed general demographic questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ Adult),Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ)and GWB Schedule.Results The scores of GWB among elderly people who participate in activities,have spouse,have higher education level and are younger were higher than those among elderly people who do not participate in activities,have no spouse,have lower education level and are older,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The extroverted personality was positively correlated with general well-being(r=0.370,P<0.01),psychotic and neurotic were negatively correlated with GWB(r=-0.451,-0.304,both P<0.01),the coping style of problem-solving and help-seeking were positively correlated with GW B(r=0.384,0.254,both P<0.01),and self-accusation was negatively correlated with GWB(r=-0.224,P<0.05).Mediating effect analysis results showe d that problem-solving,selfaccusation and self-seeking had partial mediation on the relation of extroverted personality and GWB,and the mediation effect was 27.51%,15.51%and 12.44%,respectively.Problem-solving has partial mediation on the relation of psychotic and GWB,and the mediation effect was 12.47%.Conclusion Personality characteristics exert direct effect on GWB among the rural elderly in six cities of Shandong Province,and play its role partly through the mediation of coping styles.