医科院校在校本科生健康素养及影响因素分析

Analysis on health literacy and its influencing factors among undergraduate students in medical colleges

目的了解广西某医科大学在校本科生健康素养现状及影响因素,为提高医学院校健康素养水平及实施健康教育与健康促进提供参考。方法2018年10-12月,按照学科分类采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取广西某医科大学6大学科里所有专业及年级中的2410名本科学生进行健康素养问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果广西某医科大学在校本科生具备健康素养人数为1241人,具备率为52.71%,其中健康的生活方式与行为素养具备人数1418人,具备率为60.24%,健康技能素养具备人数1362人,具备率为57.86%;健康知识与理念素养具备人数1134人,具备率为48.17%。6类健康问题的素养具备情况为:科学健康观素养具备人数1885人,具备率为80.08%;基本医疗素养具备人数1655人,具备率为70.31%;安全与急救素养具备人数1560人,具备率为66.27%;慢性病防治素养具备人数1178人,具备率为50.04%;健康信息素养具备人数1029人,具备率为43.71%;传染病防治素养具备人数715人,具备率为30.37%。多元线性回归分析显示,年级、饮食情况、学科、运动情况是健康素养的影响因素(均P<0.05),可解释14.2%的总变异。结论调查的医科院校大学生健康生活方式与行为、健康技能素养具备率较高,但健康意识有待提高。科学健康观和基本医疗素养具备率较高,而传染病防治知识欠缺。应根据健康素养的影响因素采取有针对性的健康教育及干预措施,提高大学生健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of health literacy among undergraduate students in a medical college in Guangxi,provide a reference for improving the health literacy level of medical colleges and implementing health education and health promotion.Methods From October to December 2018,by the stratified cluster random sampling method,2410 undergraduate students were collected from all majors and grades in six disciplines of a medical college in Guangxi according to the subject classification,to perform the health literacy questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed.Results The number of undergraduates who have health literacy in a medical university in Guangxi was 1241,with the rate of52.71%.1418 students had the healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy,with the rate of 60.24%.1362 students had the basic health-related skills literacy,with the rate of 57.86%.1134 students had the basic health knowledge and concept literacy,with the rate of 48.17%.For the six types of health problems,1885 students had the scientific health concept literacy,with the rate of 80.08%.1655 students had the basic medication literacy,with the rate of 70.31%.1560 students had the safety and first aid literacy,with the rate of 66.27%.1178 students had the chronic disease prevention and control literacy,with the rate of50.04%.1029 students had the health information literacy,with the rate of 43.71%.715 students had the infectious disease prevention and control literacy,with the rate of 30.37%.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that grade,diet,the discipline,and taking exercise were the influencing factors of the health literacy score(all P<0.05),which could explain 14.2%of total variation.Conclusion The medical college students in this survey have higher rate of healthy life style and behavior,and health skill literacy,but their health awareness needs to be improved.The availabitity of scientific health concept and basic medical literacy are in a high rate,but the knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control is low.It is necessary to take targeted health education and intervention measures according to the influencing factors of health literacy,to improve the level of health literacy of college students.