明远楼的建造与明清贡院规制的确定

The Mingyuan Tower and the Design of Examination Halls in the Ming-Qing Dynasties

明远楼作为明清贡院中最为引人瞩目的建筑,其最早何时出现及对贡院规制有何影响等问题,尚需深入探讨。本研究认为,最早在明朝景泰、天顺年间,明远楼开始出现于南方的一些行省贡院中,后来逐步被其他地方在建设贡院的过程中采用。至于弘治、正德年间,所有贡院均修造明远楼,贡院的基本规制由此得到确定。明远楼的建构不仅完善了贡院的考试秩序监督体系,而且改变了贡院的建筑布局,营造了贡院独特的空间氛围,在物质与精神两方面起到了维护科举考试的作用。

As the most spectacular building in the Examination Halls of the Ming-Qing dynasties,the Mingyuan Tower has many issues,such as when it was first constructed and what influences it had on the design of the Examination Halls of the Ming-Qing dynasties.This study argues that as early as from Jingtai to Tianshun of the Ming dynasty,the Mingyuan Tower began to be constructed in the Examination Halls in some southern provinces of the Ming dynasty,and later on,it was gradually adopted by the Examination Halls in other provinces,and as of years of Hongzhi and Zhengde,almost all Examination Halls included the Mingyuan Tower.In the end,regulations of Examination Halls were created.The construction of the Mingyuan Hall,which was not only perfecting the supervising system of Examination Halls,but also changing the architectural composition,created the unique atmosphere for Examination Halls,and thus played an important role in maintaining the imperial examination system,both substantially and spiritually.