生前预嘱的立法问题研究

Research on the Legislation of Living Will

生前预嘱相较于安乐死有更坚实的合法性基础;参究"他山之石",有助于审视和反思其在我国现行民法、刑法和卫生法领域中的立法阻碍;我国生前预嘱的立法,应包括完善医患权利义务、健全临终关怀制度,将"医疗代理人"纳入意定监护制度,将"缓和医疗"原则及其具体内容纳入医方告知义务,适时制定单行法规。

Living wills have a stronger legal basis than euthanasia.By referring and studying experiences of others,it is helpful to review and reflect on the legislative obstacles of living wills in China’s current civil law,criminal law and health law.The legislation of living wills in China should include completing the rights and obligations of doctors and patients,improving hospice care system,bringing the"medical agents"into the arbitrary guardianship system,bringing the principle of"palliative care"and its specific contents into doctors informing obligation and the timely formulation of separate regulations.