日本国土空间用途管制经验与启示

The Experience of Territorial Space Use Control in Japan and Its Implications

研究目的:系统梳理日本国土空间的用途类型以及管制措施,为中国国土空间的用途管制提供经验借鉴。研究方法:文献分析法和综合分析法。研究结果:(1)日本国土空间规划与法律体系具有权威性,为国土空间用途管制提供了立法支撑与制度保障;(2)日本国土空间用途管制各部门、各层级职权清晰,能够统一协调国土空间用途管制工作;(3)日本尊重国土空间使用类型的多样性,实施刚柔结合的用途管制制度;(4)日本重视国土空间规划监督管理,保证了规划的实施效力;(5)日本重视国土空间的系统性,保障用途管制的整体性。研究结论:日本的国土空间用途管制经验对中国有所启示,主要包括加强国土空间用途管制立法、完善国土空间规划协调机制、确立常态化的多维国土空间用途管制监管体系、构建刚柔结合的国土空间用途管制格局、提升国土空间管制体系的完整性和系统性等。

The purposes of this paper are to systematically sort out the types of space use and the measures of territorial space use control in Japan,and to provide experience and references for the territorial space use control in China.The research methods include literature analysis and comprehensive analysis.The results showed that:1)territorial planning and legal system are authoritative in Japan,providing legislative support and system guarantee for territorial space use control;2)the functions and powers of the departments and hierarchy of territorial space use control in Japan are clear,so as to unify the coordination of territorial space use control;3)Japan respects the diversity of land-use types and implements a rigid-flexible use control system;4)Japan attaches great importance to the supervision and management of territorial space use control,ensuring the effectiveness of the implementation of the plan;5)Japan attaches great importance to the systematic nature of territorial space and guarantees the integrity of use control.In conclusion,the experience in territorial space use control from Japan has enlightened China in aspects mainly including strengthening the territorial space use control legislation,improving the territorial planning coordination mechanism,establishing a normalized multi-dimensional control system for territorial space use control,establishing territorial space control patterns with the combination of rigidity and elasticity,and improving the integrity and systematicness of the territorial space use control system,etc.