面向“一张图”的国土空间规划数据库研究

“One Map”Oriented Database Investigation for Territorial Space Planning

研究目的:解决国土空间规划数据库面临的国土空间要素难以快速感测、多源异构大数据难以系统管理、多主体应用诉求难以得到全面支撑等诸多难题。研究方法:系统分析规划管控要素,明确国土空间规划数据库架构;建立“上下联动、横向贯通”的国土空间规划大数据分布式管理模式;通过规则与学习的混合决策,建立未知世界认知模型。研究结果:面向国土空间规划“一张图”,建立了要素全面、内容完整、动态适应、实时更新的规划大数据集体系,提出了数据联动贯通、信息无损传输、情势动态推演的国土空间规划大数据云控平台架构。研究结论:规划数据库是推动国土空间规划全生命周期管理和国土空间优化的基础,国土空间规划数据库的有序建设、科学管理和精准应用是实现国土空间治理能力现代化的源泉。

The purpose of this paper is to solve the technical and methodological problems in developing territorial space planning database,such as difficulties in accurately and quickly acquiring and collecting data,systematically managing huge and multi-source heterogeneous planning data,and scientifically and comprehensively supporting multiple application demands.The methods of this paper are as follows.First,this paper systematically analyzes the planning management,the controlling elements,and the structure of the planning database.Second,an“vertical linkage and horizontal connectivity”distributed model is developed for managing the big data in territorial space planning.Third,this paper constructs a new cognitive model for better understanding the spatiotemporal phenomenon in territorial space planning through combing the strategies of rules and machine learning.The results indicate that a big data set,which can be updated in real time with comprehensive elements,complete content and dynamic adaptation,should be built up to form“One Map”of territorial space planning.Moreover,a cloud-based management platform should be developed to link and integrate multiple sources of territorial space planning big data,losslessly information communication,and to dynamically predict the situation evolution.In conclusion,the planning database is the basis for promoting the full lifespan management of territorial space planning and the territorial space optimization.Further,the orderly construction,scientific management and precise application of territorial space planning database is the foundation for modernizing the governance capabilities of territorial space.