反恐背景下的去极端化研究与思考

Research and Thinking on De-radicalization in Background of Counter-terrorism

恐怖主义持续猖獗给国际社会带来了极大的威胁与危害,已成为全球治理所面临的一大顽疾。国际反恐实践一再证明,仅凭武力打击手段只能在一定程度上遏制恐怖主义的发展,不能从根本上消除恐怖主义。深入研究分析恐怖主义,可以发现极端主义才是恐怖主义的旗帜与核心,打着各类旗号(宗教、民族主义或白人至上的种族主义等)的极端主义思想,是恐怖组织赖以生存的根本,是其用来迷惑、蛊惑和煽动其支持者、同情者和追随者的重要手段。因此,国际社会遭遇恐怖主义威胁的国家纷纷结合本国国情,深入研究极端主义的特征,并有针对性地采取综合性的去极端化措施,着力挽救受极端主义影响的青少年。20世纪90年代以来,中国面临以"东伊运"为首的"东突"恐怖势力的威胁,经过多年的反恐和去极端化斗争,我国逐渐探索出一条符合自身国情、卓有成效的去极端化之路。然而,当前极端主义依然在全球传播、肆虐,仅靠一国之力难以取得去极端化的根本性胜利。世界各国只有在取得普遍共识的基础上,加强国际反恐和去极端化合作,共同施策形成合力,才能从根本上遏制恐怖主义的滋生与蔓延。

Terrorism brought great threat and harm to the international community continuously,and came to be a stubborn problem faced by global governance.International counter-terrorism practices proved repeatedly that only relying on the means of armed attack could only suppress the development of terrorism,and could not eliminate it fundamentally.In-depth terrorism studies showed radicalization was the banner and essence of terrorism.Kinds of extreme thoughts under the banners of religion,nationalism or white supremacism and etc provided soil and means for terrorist organizations to deceive and instigate their supporters,sympathizers and followers.Therefore,the countries facing the threat of terrorism executed deep studies on the characteristics of radicalization in combination with their own national conditions,and took comprehensive de-radicalization measures to save the youth affected.Since the 1990s,China has been facing the terrorist threat of the“East Turkistan”forces led by the“Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement”.After years of counter-terrorism and de-radicalization efforts,China gradually formed a way for de-radicalization in line with its own national conditions.However,it’s known extremism was still spreading all over the world,and it was difficult to achieve the fundamental victory of de-radicalization by only one country;it’s suggested all the countries cooperate closely to choke the development and spread of radicalization and terrorism.