基于源头分类和资源回收的城市生活垃圾管理政策框架设计

Design of Policy Framework for Municipal Solid Waste Management Based on Source Classification and Resource Recycling

我国已经进入生活垃圾分类和资源回收的时代,不分类的、以焚烧、填埋为主的生活垃圾管理模式必须予以遏制和改变。我国现有的相关政策还不足以支持基于源头分类和资源回收的生活垃圾管理模式,需要全力转向和建设。建议全面系统地修订相关法规,支持符合可持续发展的生活垃圾管理模式,主要包括:以全社会成本最低作为生活垃圾管理政策的最终目标;建立责任明确、协调高效的管理体制;系统设计城市生活垃圾管理政策框架体系,包括一般性政策、专项资金管理制度、计量和信息管理制度、社会成本评估制度以及生活垃圾管理各环节专项制度,包括预防固体废物产生的源头减量鼓励制度,可再生原料产品绿色标签制度,政府等公共部门绿色采购制度,"按量计征"其他垃圾排放者垃圾处理费制度,可回收物(旧物)加工利用特许经营和补贴制度,焚烧、填埋厂商垃圾处理费补贴制度和排污许可证制度等。

China has entered the era of municipal solid waste(MSW)classification and resource recycling.The management based on measures which incineration landfill and non-classification must be contained and changed.At present,relevant policies in China are not enough to support MSW management based on source classification and resource recycling.Therefore,the MSW management must be reconstructed.It is suggested that relevant laws and regulations should be revised comprehensively and systematically to support the sustainable development of MSW management,including:setting the lowest cost of the whole society as the ultimate goal of MSW management policy;establishing a responsible,coordinated and efficient management system;systematically designing the framework of MSW management policy.The framework should include policies which contains dedicated funds management system,measurement and information management system,social cost evaluation system,and specific systems for all links of MSW management which include the incentive system for the reduction of MSW at the source,the green label system for renewable raw materials products,the green procurement system for public sectors such as the government,the waste treatment fee system for other waste dischargers based on the amount,the franchise and subsidy system for the utilization of recyclables,the subsidy system and emission permit system for incineration and landfill manufacturers,etc.