易地扶贫搬迁与特色小镇建设整合的机制与模式

Research on Integration Mechanism and Models of Relocating the Poor and the Construction of Characteristic Towns

在新型城镇化与扶贫开发联动、特色小镇深入推进期与易地扶贫搬迁攻坚期双期叠加的时代背景下,整合易地扶贫搬迁与特色小镇建设对于创新易地扶贫搬迁安置模式、促进特色小镇建设动能转换具有重要意义。针对易地扶贫搬迁与特色小镇建设对接研究和实践滞后于政策导向的特点,从二者互动机理出发,构建了二者的整合机制与模式。主要结论如下:1)易地扶贫搬迁与特色小镇建设的整合机制主要包括易地扶贫搬迁金融与特色小镇开发建设金融整合、特色小镇空间重构整合搬迁安置需要、基本公共服务对象整合搬迁人口与特色小镇既有人口、搬迁扶贫后续产业设计与特色小镇产业培育整合、搬迁人口社会融入与特色小镇文化建设整合;2)结合搬迁类型、特色小镇性质、特色小镇安置形态与方式四个维度,将易地扶贫搬迁与特色小镇建设的整合模式区分为一体式和协同式两种。基于结论,提出积极谋划政策对接、重点关注搬迁安置后的可持续生计问题、因地制宜选择整合模式、提高特色小镇治理水平的政策建议,以期为促进易地扶贫搬迁与特色小镇建设整合及成效评估提供决策参考。

Relocating the poor is crucial for targeted poverty alleviation efforts.The integration of the relocation and the construction of characteristic towns focus on helping poor residents living in impoverished regions with no sustainable conditions to move to the characteristic towns,which is of great significance in innovating the poverty alleviation relocation model and promoting new type of urbanization.Nevertheless,this integration in both scientific research and practice still lags behind the policy orientation.From an interactive perspective,this article analyzes the underlying integration mechanisms and models between relocation and the construction of the characteristic towns.Results show that:1)the poverty alleviation relocation can be integrated with the construction of characteristic towns in the following dimensions:financial aid,spatial planning of the resettlement areas in town,public services,poverty relief through supporting industry and the social-cultural construction;2)the interplay between poverty alleviation relocation and characteristic towns can be classified into two models,the first model refers to a newly-built characteristic town which is designed to exclusively serve the emigrants’resettlement,and the second model refers to the poverty alleviation relocation is integrated with the built characteristic towns.On this basis,this paper formulates several policy recommendations from the perspective of policy design,residents’sustainable livelihoods after relocation,integration models and the towns’governance.This study can not only help shine light on the development of systematic,comprehensive,and quantitative methods or models for estimating the effects of relocation and poverty-reduction integrated with the construction of characteristic town,but also provide a pattern for some regions to reconstruct a dynamic integration network of the relocation practice and the characteristic town’s construction.