车—摩托车碰撞中骑乘人员运动学响应的差异

Differences in kinematic responses of motorcyclist and occupant in vehicle-motorcycle collisions

为研究摩托车事故中骑车人和后座乘员运动学响应的差异,设计294组仿真试验,对仿真结果进行统计分析。基于PC-Crash软件,选择3类汽车(轿车、运动型多功能车(SUV)和微型厢式车)、7种汽车速度、2种摩托车速度及7种不同角度和方向的碰撞形态作为试验变量。结果表明:对84%的碰撞形态和75%汽车车型,摩托车骑、乘人员的抛距、头部碰撞时间、头部相对碰撞速度和头部碰撞角度具有显著性差异,同时,在12%碰撞形态下,骑、乘人员两者具有极显著性差异;在不同碰撞车速下,骑车人的平均抛距、头部相对碰撞速度和头部碰撞角度均高于后座乘员,后座乘员的平均头部碰撞时间较骑车人更长。该结果可为摩托车驾乘关系判定、骑乘人员损伤防护等提供支持。

Some simulation tests and statistical analysis were carried out on 294 groups of vehicles that collided with motorcycles to investigate the differences in the kinematic responses of motorcyclist and rear-seat occupants in motorcycle accidents.Based on the PC-Crash software,3 vehicle models(sedans,sport utility vehicles(SUVs),and minivans),7 vehicle speeds,2 motorcycles speeds and 7 kinds of collision forms with different angles and different directions were used as test variables.The results show that the throw distance,the head collision time,the relative head collision speed,and the head collision angle of motorcyclist and rear-seat occupants have significant differences for 84%of collision forms and for 75%of vehicle models,while the motorcyclist and rear-seat occupants have very significant difference for 12%collision forms.The average throw distance,the relative head collision speed,and the head collision angle of the motorcyclist are higher than those of the rear seat occupant for different collision speeds.And the average head collision time of the rear seat occupants is longer than that of the motorcyclist.The results can provide support for judging the relationship between motorcyclist and rear-seat occupants,and protecting the motorcyclist and rear-seat occupants from injuries.