高效降解长链烷烃微生物菌株的分离鉴定与降解特性

Isolation,Identification and Degradation Characterization of an Alkane-degrading Microbial Strains

石油烃污染的微生物修复技术因其环保高效等优点逐步受到国内外的广泛关注与应用。本研究从原油污染土壤中筛选到一株高效降解长链烷烃的微生物P12,经16S rDNA基因测序,鉴定该菌株为琼氏不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter junii),菌种保藏号为CGMCC NO.17873。经单因素试验确定,该降解菌最佳适用条件为:温度30℃,pH值7.0左右,7 d内对水体中十六烷烃降解率高达75%,对污染水体中的总石油烃降解率达到54%。该菌株培养过程中可产生生物乳化作用,促进烷烃增溶、乳化,从而更容易被微生物作为碳源或能源降解利用。此菌株易培养、降解效率高,具有广泛应用于石油烃污染土壤和水体绿色高效修复的潜力。

Benefiting from environmental friendliness and high efficiency,microbial remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution has been paid widely attention and applied in China and other countries.In this study,a high efficient oil degrading strain which could take use of the long-chain alkane as sole carbon source were isolated from petrochemical oily sludge,and marked as P12.It was identified as Acinetobacter junii through 16S rDNA sequence similarity search,and the preservation number was CGMCC NO.17873.By single factor experiments,the optimum environmental conditions for the long-chain alkane degradation by this strain were studied to be 30℃and pH 7.0.Under the optimum conditions,the degradation rate of hexadecane in water reached as high as 75%within 7 d,and the degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbon in polluted water reached 54%.During the culture of this strain,biological emulsification occurred to promote alkane solubilization and emulsification,which can contribute the availability of these petroleum hydrocarbons by the microorganisms as carbon source or energy.The strain was easy to be cultivated and had high degradation efficiency of the long-chain alkanes.Therefore,it has remarkable application potentials for environment friendly and high efficient remediation of oil and hydrocarbon in soil and water.