新生代农民工婚姻稳定性的演进逻辑——基于家庭经济学的分析

The Evolutionary Logic of Marriage Stability of the New Generation of Migrant Workers——Based on the Analysis of Family Economics

近年来新生代农民工婚姻稳定问题受到社会普遍关注。借鉴家庭经济学纵向考察农民工婚姻稳定性的演进历程及影响因素,有助于厘清新生代农民工婚姻稳定性的个体逻辑。历时性考察表明农民工婚姻日益由稳定转向不稳定,转变的家庭经济学逻辑在于个体婚姻信息搜寻能力、婚姻收益及离婚成本的改变。传统社会门当户对的婚姻甄别机制、丈夫对妻子的准产权、双方高昂的离婚成本致使婚姻双方都竭力维持婚姻稳定。集体化时代频繁的集体生活、离婚审判的调节倾向、较低的婚姻替代可能使得男性成为维护婚姻稳定的主要力量。新生代农民工被嵌入城市化带来的"闪婚""闪离"、丈夫与妻子的委托代理关系、离婚成本降低的社会变革,致使女性婚姻收益降低婚姻成本升高,女性成为婚姻不稳定的主导力量。提升新生代农民工婚姻稳定性的家庭经济学对策在于均衡城乡福利、增加女性婚姻收益、突出婚姻财产制的整体倾向。

In recent years,the marriage stability of the new generation of migrant workers has been widely concerned by society.It is helpful to clarify the individual logic of the marriage stability of the new generation of migrant workers by referring to the family economics to vertically investigate the evolution process and influencing factors of the marriage stability of migrant workers.The diachronic study shows that the marriage of migrant workers is changing from stable to unstable,and the family economic logic of the change lies in the change of individual marriage information searching ability,marriage benefits and divorce costs.Traditional society's marriage matchmaking system,the quasi-property rights of husband to wife,and the high cost of divorce make both parties struggle to keep their marriage stable.In the collectivization era,the frequent collective life,the adjustment tendency of divorce judgment and the low marriage substitution may make men become the main force to maintain the stability of marriage.The new generation of migrant workers are embedded in the social changes of"flash marriage"and"flash divorce"brought by urbanization,the principal-agent relationship between husband and wife,and the reduction of divorce costs,which leads to the decrease of marriage benefits and increase of marriage costs for women,and women become the leading force for the instability of marriage.The family economics countermeasures to improve the marriage stability of the new generation of migrant workers lie in balancing urban and rural welfare,increasing women's marriage income and highlighting the overall tendency of the marriage property system.